{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T15:36:44Z","timestamp":1776094604094,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21573053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21573053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012152","name":"National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BX201700065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX201700065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012152","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Intelligent Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>One of the great challenges in the field of tiny machines is the capability of engineering liquid metal micromachines to autonomously move within confining channels to perform various complex tasks. Herein, liquid metal gallium micromachines that significantly increase their velocity in confining channels with adaptive deformation under exposure to an electric field are presented. The liquid metal gallium micromachines move toward the negative electrode under the propulsion of hydrogen bubbles, which is obviously different from the previous report that liquid metal gallium alloy (i.e., Galinstan) micromachines move to the positive electrode, owing to the surface tension gradient. More importantly, the liquid metal gallium micromachine can adaptively deform and accelerate in confined channels. The velocity of liquid metal gallium micromachines increases with the decrease in the width of channels. It is found that the speed\u2010up motion of liquid metal gallium micromachines is caused by the enhanced electro\u2010osmosis effect in confining channels. The findings not only help understand the role of the confinement effect on the motion of liquid metal micromachines but also provide a novel strategy to manipulate the motion velocity of liquid metal micromachines for specific applications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.201900064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]],"date-time":"2019-08-16T09:37:53Z","timestamp":1565948273000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Liquid Metal Gallium Micromachines Speed Up in Confining Channels"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Daolin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Microsystems and Microstructure Manufacturing (Ministry of Education) Micro\/Nanotechnology Research Center Harbin Institute of Technology  Harbin 150080 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