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To this end, remarkable progress has been made in the development of efficient, precise, and versatile nanomanipulation techniques based on individual or combined chemical and physical fields. Among them, techniques that fuse light stimuli with electric (<jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic>) fields, have achieved impressive performance in the versatility, reconfigurability, and throughput in the manipulation of both biological and inorganic micro\/nanoscale objects compared to those of many other manipulation techniques, by leveraging the strong optoelectric coupling effect of semiconductor materials. 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