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Reliable, rapid, and high\u2010throughput screening of MPs from other components of a water sample after sieving and\/or digestion is still a highly desirable goal to avoid cumbersome visual analysis by expert users under the optical microscope. Here, a new approach is presented that combines 3D coherent imaging with machine learning (ML) to achieve accurate and automatic detection of MPs in filtered water samples in a wide range at microscale. The water pretreatment process eliminates sediments and aggregates that fall out of the analyzed range. However, it is still necessary to clearly distinguish MPs from marine microalgae. Here, it is shown that, by defining a novel set of distinctive \u201cholographic features,\u201d it is possible to accurately identify MPs within the defined analysis range. The process is specifically tailored for characterizing the MPs' \u201cholographic signatures,\u201d thus boosting the classification performance and reaching accuracy higher than 99% in classifying thousands of items. The ML approach in conjunction with holographic coherent imaging is able to identify MPs independently from their morphology, size, and different types of plastic materials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.201900153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]],"date-time":"2019-12-10T10:24:00Z","timestamp":1575973440000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":147,"title":["Microplastic Identification via Holographic Imaging and Machine Learning"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1956-4976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vittorio","family":"Bianco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI) National Research Council (CNR) of Italy  Via Campi Flegrei 34 80078 Pozzuoli NA Italy"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Memmolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI) National Research Council (CNR) of Italy  Via Campi Flegrei 34 80078 Pozzuoli NA Italy"}]},{"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Carcagn\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI) National Research Council (CNR) of Italy  Via Monteorni snc University Campus 73100 Lecce Italy"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Merola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI) National Research Council (CNR) of Italy  Via Campi Flegrei 34 80078 Pozzuoli NA Italy"}]},{"given":"Melania","family":"Paturzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI) National Research Council (CNR) of Italy  Via Campi Flegrei 34 80078 Pozzuoli NA Italy"}]},{"given":"Cosimo","family":"Distante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI) National Research Council (CNR) of Italy  Via Monteorni snc University Campus 73100 Lecce Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0158-3856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Ferraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI) National Research Council (CNR) of Italy  Via Campi Flegrei 34 80078 Pozzuoli NA Italy"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1260352"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1600715113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/502615a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es2031505"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.12.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.10.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1519019113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep03263"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/494169a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.02.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03104-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6AY02558G"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.05.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","first-page":"59003","volume":"531","author":"Gillibert R.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. 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