{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T20:32:36Z","timestamp":1775766756536,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":264,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004189","name":"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CyVy-RF-2019-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CyVy-RF-2019-08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Intelligent Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Recent advances in the design and implementation of wearable resistive, capacitive, and optical strain sensors are summarized herein. Wearable and stretchable strain sensors have received extensive research interest due to their applications in personalized healthcare, human motion detection, human\u2013machine interfaces, soft robotics, and beyond. The disconnection of overlapped nanomaterials, reversible opening\/closing of microcracks in sensing films, and alteration of the tunneling resistance have been successfully adopted to develop high\u2010performance resistive\u2010type sensors. On the other hand, the sensing behavior of capacitive\u2010type and optical strain sensors is largely governed by their geometrical changes under stretching\/releasing cycles. The sensor design parameters, including stretchability, sensitivity, linearity, hysteresis, and dynamic durability, are comprehensively discussed. Finally, the promising applications of wearable strain sensors are highlighted in detail. Although considerable progress has been made so far, wearable strain sensors are still in their prototype stage, and several challenges in the manufacturing of integrated and multifunctional strain sensors should be yet tackled.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202000039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,12]],"date-time":"2020-06-12T01:26:37Z","timestamp":1591925197000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":612,"title":["Wearable and Stretchable Strain Sensors: Materials, Sensing Mechanisms, and Applications"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Hamid","family":"Souri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aroa Biosurgery Limited  Auckland 2022 New Zealand"}]},{"given":"Hritwick","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Locomotion in Biorobotic and Somatic Systems Group Max-Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems  Stuttgart 70569 Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4250-2984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ardian","family":"Jusufi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Locomotion in Biorobotic and Somatic Systems Group Max-Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems  Stuttgart 70569 Germany"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Radacsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering Institute for Materials and Processes The University of Edinburgh  Robert Stevenson Road Edinburgh EH9 3FB UK"}]},{"given":"Adam A.","family":"Stokes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems SMC  EH9 3FF Edinburgh UK"}]},{"given":"Inkyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science &amp; Technology (KAIST)  291 Daehak\u2010ro, Yuseong\u2010gu Daejeon 34141 South Korea"}]},{"given":"Metin","family":"Sitti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Intelligence Department Max-Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems  Stuttgart 70569 Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2907-5025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morteza","family":"Amjadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering Heriot-Watt University  Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201504755"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201503558"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b06984"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b00599"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa7952"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b12588"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b03975"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn501204t"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/26\/37\/375501"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201807882"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2019.100617"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14543"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/soro.2013.0005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5646"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.8b02088"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b06474"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2017.05.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2015.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11091433"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b09815"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TC03655E"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-4926\/39\/1\/011012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8MH01062E"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.201600314"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201902743"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CS00609A"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/1945-7111\/ab6828"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aai7529"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201706383"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201500072"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7MH00071E"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37186-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b03813"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b03391"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aas9020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201905808"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TC04079F"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201802629"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.201900329"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201801072"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201800444"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b18069"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07882-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b13767"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2019.02.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2019.103907"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eml.2016.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201800021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b12195"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/2405465804666190313154903"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2018.10.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b18210"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201700284"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2017.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b18143"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201805120"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.8b01926"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201705591"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b15848"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NR02528B"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2011.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR01005J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b09533"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2017.10.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NR09022F"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201602619"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b06012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TC04959E"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2018.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b01551"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8NR08589G"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201704232"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/aaabfe"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201700845"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201800020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TC04753G"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b11431"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5b01505"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201600720"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b07805"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b06251"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_83_1","first-page":"1770","volume":"9","author":"Yun Choi D.","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Publ."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b17790"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2018.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TC00300A"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b09188"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201504804"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2017.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b16591"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201804651"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201606411"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-665X\/aa79c3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201600487"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b02060"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2018.12.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201800030"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201705551"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b06726"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201800394"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TC00157J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b01771"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b03052"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2016.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2018.05.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/aacc59"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201800961"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201600053"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b17766"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TC00433A"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b12987"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b15195"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TC01872J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TC01924J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b11766"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-017-0014-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6MH00027D"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TC03636A"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TC00251J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TC05970A"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b03545"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b19699"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA01837A"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adem.201800425"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TC03434B"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7MH00104E"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ab1287"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-018-2043-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NR01862B"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b12674"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201700587"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2018.08.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2018.02.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201700081"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b19014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b01174"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2018.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b20768"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201807569"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TC03423K"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201900848"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2018.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2018.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2018.05.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TC03702G"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b04775"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b02326"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201604795"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201601572"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2017.09.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.4.001285"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TC01962A"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NR01865G"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201804327"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.0c00084"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ab1a86"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OME.9.002672"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201806786"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2016.10.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.05.091"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b02985"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b15386"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b09652"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201700237"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201603160"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201707251"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_168_1","first-page":"367","volume-title":"IEEE International Conference on Soft Robotics","author":"Wright B.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201606425"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201901370"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.201700434"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.201900079"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-665X\/aaaba0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5029391"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6NR08096K"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-016-0028-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b14153"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b12991"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-31628-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b04605"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4NR03295K"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b18677"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TC02702A"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b20902"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b02988"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201605630"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/macp.201800369"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NR02147J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b17666"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b08207"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201701353"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201704229"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2018.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.201700374"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-9-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac5082"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.201900985"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201800239"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmech.2017.00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2019.108411"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201600018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201501000"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics3030015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201807058"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201400334"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201500169"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201700136"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_209_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-6035-9_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4044114"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4045424"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_212_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nphys3568"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0851-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_214_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/PT.3.3691"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_215_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.138438"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_216_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201706733"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_217_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/soro.2016.0053"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_218_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.00209"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_219_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364914543793"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_220_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav7536"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0034-4885\/79\/11\/110001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_222_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.10.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_223_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32955"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_224_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19336"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_225_1","first-page":"611","volume-title":"RoboSoft 2019\u20132019 IEEE International Conference on Soft Robotics","author":"Shin H. S.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_226_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B808839J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_227_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JMEMS.2007.902436"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_228_1","author":"Wolf R.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bionspir. Biomim."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_229_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201707285"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_230_1","author":"Nankali M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_231_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TA06810D"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_232_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TC02832C"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_233_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b01382"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_234_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7TC05571D"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_235_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201505372"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_236_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0712117105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_237_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201200098"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_238_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201600652"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_239_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3220"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_240_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2017.03.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_241_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3755"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_242_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2014.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_243_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201704530"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_244_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201908411"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_245_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2017.125"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_246_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201604465"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_247_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6241"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_248_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/soro.2018.0026"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_249_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201602832"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_250_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201700648"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_251_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201703236"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_252_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201602096"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_253_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1250169"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_254_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201603763"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_255_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8149"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_256_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.201600220"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_257_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201606161"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_258_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1501101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_259_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201501461"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_260_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201504606"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_261_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-017-0049"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_262_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16521"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_263_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2016.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_264_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201905279"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_265_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6439\/aaaca8"}],"container-title":["Advanced Intelligent Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Faisy.202000039","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aisy.202000039","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/aisy.202000039","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aisy.202000039","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T16:11:52Z","timestamp":1759853512000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/aisy.202000039"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]]},"references-count":264,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/aisy.202000039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aisy.202000039","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2640-4567","2640-4567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2640-4567","type":"print"},{"value":"2640-4567","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-03-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2000039"}}