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The conventional diagnostic methods are often less efficient in specificity and accuracy, leading to quite a few unnecessary biopsies. This work establishes a noninvasive diagnostic method for PCa by investigating urine samples using Raman spectroscopy and convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm. The results of urine Raman spectra show the intensities of characteristic peaks for lipids, nucleic acids, and some amino acids are distinguishable between PCa and BPH, suggesting an abnormal metabolism caused by PCa, which can be detected by Raman spectroscopy. These data are then used to train an intelligent diagnostic model with CNN algorithm. The cross\u2010validation results show the mean diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for PCa are 74.95%, 77.32%, and 72.46%, respectively. This noninvasive diagnostic method is a promising method for the early diagnosis of PCa, and the idea of using urine Raman spectroscopy with deep learning techniques for diagnosing PCa provides a reference for the application of artificial intelligence in the field of clinical medicine research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202000090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T17:48:04Z","timestamp":1610732884000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Raman Spectroscopy Reveals Abnormal Changes in the Urine Composition of Prostate Cancer: An Application of an Intelligent Diagnostic Model with a Deep Learning Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Shengnan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Shanghai Chest Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University  No. 241 West Huaihai Road Shanghai 200030 China"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science Shanghai University  333 Nanchen Road Shanghai 200444 China"}]},{"given":"Xiangfei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science Shanghai University  333 Nanchen Road Shanghai 200444 China"}]},{"given":"Xiaoguang","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Ren Ji hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai 200127 China"}]},{"given":"Taihao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ZhejiangLab Institute of Artificial Intelligence  1818 Wenyi West Road Hangzhou Zhejiang 310000 China"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science Shanghai University  333 Nanchen Road Shanghai 200444 China"}]},{"given":"Zhenyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science Shanghai University  333 Nanchen Road Shanghai 200444 China"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Ren Ji hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai 200127 China"}]},{"given":"Jiahua","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Ren Ji hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai 200127 China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0160-3658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shupeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science Shanghai University  333 Nanchen Road Shanghai 200444 China"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"270","volume":"67","author":"Lumen N.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Clin. 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