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Malfunctioning of this control loop can often lead to disease or death. Bioelectronic devices that interface electronics with biological systems can be used for sensing and actuation of biological processes and have potential for novel therapeutic applications. Due to the complexity of biological systems and the challenge of affecting their innate self\u2010regulation, closing the loop between sensing and actuation with bioelectronics is difficult to achieve. Herein, bioelectronic proton\u2010conducting devices are integrated with fluorescence sensing using machine learning to provide closed\u2010loop control of bioelectronic actuation in living cells. Proton\u2010conducting bioelectronic devices control pH in a microfluidic system that houses pluripotent mammalian stem cells. This pH control affects the membrane voltage (<jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>mem<\/jats:sub>) of the cells that is measured using genetically encoded fluorescent <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>mem<\/jats:sub> reporters. In this fashion, proof\u2010of\u2010concept real\u2010time control of <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>mem<\/jats:sub> toward a desired set\u2010point is demonstrated. Given the importance of <jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>mem<\/jats:sub> in cell function, differentiation, and proliferation, this proof\u2010of\u2010concept opens up many possibilities in bioelectronic closed\u2010loop control of cell systems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202000140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T06:02:30Z","timestamp":1600927350000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Machine Learning\u2010Driven Bioelectronics for Closed\u2010Loop Control of Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Selberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Cruz  Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Jafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mathematics 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