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To reconstruct a segmental defect of the mandible caused by cancerous tissue, a piece of matched fibula bone is often segmented and used to replace the removed mandible section. Herein, to provide guidance to the surgeon during fibula segmentation according to the reconstruction surgical plan and improve the fibula bone cutting accuracy, an admittance\u2010controlled robotic assistant incorporating 3D augmented reality (AR) visualization and haptic virtual fixtures (VFs) is proposed. The admittance controller is used to reduce the surgeon's hand tremor. VF and AR are used to provide haptic and visual guidance to the surgeon, respectively. A feasibility study is conducted through a comparison of fibula osteotomies when performed with image\u2010guided surgery, AR\u2010guided surgery, VF\u2010guided robot\u2010assisted surgery, and AR\u2010 and VF\u2010guided robot\u2010assisted surgery. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed admittance\u2010controlled robotic assistant with AR and VF compared with the other three methods. The proposed method is found to be able to increase precision of the osteotomized segments with a lower average linear variation of 1.04\u2009\u00b1\u20090.79\u2009mm and a lower average angular variation of 1.83\u2009\u00b1\u20091.85\u00b0 compared with the virtual preoperative plan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202000158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T04:10:10Z","timestamp":1605499810000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Admittance\u2010Controlled Robotic Assistant for Fibula Osteotomies in Mandible Reconstruction Surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8509-5816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingbo","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Control Science and Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China"},{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta  Edmonton AB T6G 1H9 Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4686-4704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay","family":"Carriere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta  Edmonton AB T6G 1H9 Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0695-7922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Piwowarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta  Edmonton AB T6G 1H9 Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8611-6404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Aalto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders University of Alberta  Edmonton AB T6G 2G4 Canada"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2052-6037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nabil","family":"Zemiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIRMM University of Montpellier, CNRS  Montpellier France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4571-5774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"de Boutray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIRMM University of Montpellier, CNRS  Montpellier France"},{"name":"Department of maxillofacial surgery Guy de Chauliac University Hospital  Montpellier France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7427-6961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahdi","family":"Tavakoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta  Edmonton AB T6G 1H9 Canada"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"203","volume":"76","author":"Castermans A.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Acta Chir Belg."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988108900433"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199008000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198907000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200208000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000475796.61855.a7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-13-63"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1356645"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.04.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2014.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1916-0216-42-42"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26629\/\/ijmp.2017.02"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318255028e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11370-015-0189-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1584805"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conengprac.2017.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L.Cheng J.Fong M.Tavakoli inIEEE 15th Int. 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