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Herein, a novel design concept of robust three\u2010component elastomer\u2013particle\u2013fiber composite system with tunable mechanical stiffness and electrical conductivity is introduced. These smart materials are capable of changing their mechanical stiffness rapidly and reversibly when powered with electrical current. One implementation of the composite system demonstrated here is composed of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix, Field's metal (FM) particles, and nickel\u2010coated carbon fibers (NCCF). It is demonstrated that the mechanical stiffness and the electrical conductivity of the composite are highly tunable and dependent on the volume fraction of the three components and the temperature, and can be reasonably estimated using effective medium theory. Due to its superior electrical conductivity, Joule heating can be used as the activation mechanism to realize \u224820\u00d7 mechanical stiffness changes in seconds. The performance of the composites is thermally and mechanically robust. The shape memory effect of these composites is also demonstrated. The combination of tunable mechanical and electrical properties makes these composites promising candidates for sensing and actuation applications for soft robotics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202000166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T03:13:36Z","timestamp":1605582816000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Robust Three\u2010Component Elastomer\u2013Particle\u2013Fiber Composites with Tunable Properties for Soft Robotics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Amir","family":"Mohammadi Nasab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department University of Nevada  Reno NV 89557 USA"},{"name":"School of Engineering and Applied Science Yale University  New Haven CT 06511 USA"}]},{"given":"Siavash","family":"Sharifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department University of Nevada  Reno NV 89557 USA"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Syracuse University  Syracuse NY 13244 USA"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department University of Nevada  Reno NV 89557 USA"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Syracuse University  Syracuse NY 13244 USA"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering Department of Physics Arizona State University  Tempe AZ 85287 USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1761-8213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanliang","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department University of Nevada  Reno NV 89557 USA"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Syracuse University  Syracuse NY 13244 USA"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/soro.2013.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2017.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1003250107"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201800477"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2016.2636899"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10035-010-0193-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1153307"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2013.10.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. 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