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Twisted fibers can be used in powerful artificial muscles and can convert volume expansion upon stimuli into torsional rotation or axial contraction due to their spiral structure. Upon twist insertion, torsional stress is produced in the fiber, and fiber volume expansion increases the torsional stress, resulting in fiber untwisting. By inserting twist to form a self\u2010coiled fiber, fiber volume expansion causes the contraction of this self\u2010coiled fiber if the fiber is torsionally tethered. Fiber\u2010based artificial muscles have potential applications in a variety of fields such as temperature\u2010regulating clothing, soft robots, prosthetics, and exoskeletons. Herein, the recent progress in twisted\u2010fiber artificial muscles with different actuation stimuli, such as thermal, photo, solvent adsorption or infiltration, and electrochemical, is reviewed. The opportunities and challenges for twisted\u2010fiber artificial muscles are also discussed. Therefore, this review provides an insight for designing high\u2010performance and multi\u2010functional twisted\u2010fiber artificial muscles and motivates the development and applications of fiber\u2010based artificial muscle in future research.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202000185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T11:42:39Z","timestamp":1608291759000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Recent Advances in Twisted\u2010Fiber Artificial Muscles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Xueqi","family":"Leng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Chemistry and College of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Nankai University  Tianjin 300350 China"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Chemistry and College of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Nankai University  Tianjin 300350 China"}]},{"given":"Wubin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Chemistry and College of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Nankai University  Tianjin 300350 China"}]},{"given":"Baigang","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning  Anshan 114051 China"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science Pharmaceutical University  Nanjing 210009 China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7366-0275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zunfeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology College of Chemistry and College of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials Nankai University  Tianjin 300350 China"},{"name":"School of Chemical Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning  Anshan 114051 China"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5418.1340"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201303432"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1748-0132(08)70062-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1557\/mrs2009.179"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-7021(07)70048-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1605273113"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/22\/10\/104022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201904093"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1211220"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201305708"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1246906"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08863"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA25024F"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b02335"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax6182"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw3722"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw2502"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw2403"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","unstructured":"P.Schwartz Woodhead Publishing Sawston UK2019 pp.1\u2013349."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aam8771"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104276"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1226762"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.032326"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","first-page":"135","volume":"14","author":"Sirohi J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"IEEE J. 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