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FOS technologies hold great promise to form the backbone for next\u2010generation intelligent sensing platforms that offer long\u2010distance, high\u2010accuracy, distributed measurement capabilities and multiparametric monitoring with resilience to harsh environmental conditions. The major limitations posed by FOS are 1) cross\u2010sensitivity, 2) enormous volume and large data generation, 3) low data processing speed, 4) degradation of signal\u2010to\u2010noise ratio over the fiber length, and 5) overall cost of sensor and interrogator systems. These challenges can be overcome by building advanced data analytics engines enabled by recent breakthroughs in machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI). This article presents a comprehensive review of recent studies that integrate ML and AI algorithms with FOS technologies. This review also highlights several FOS technology development directions that promise a significant impact on widespread use for several industrial applications, with an emphasis on energy systems monitoring. A perspective on future directions for further research development is also provided.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202100067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,16]],"date-time":"2021-10-16T15:58:04Z","timestamp":1634399884000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":255,"title":["Recent Advances in Machine Learning for Fiber Optic Sensor Applications"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2219-9578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhishek","family":"Venketeswaran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research &amp; Innovation Center National Energy Technology Laboratory  626 Cochrans Mill Road Pittsburgh PA 15236 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nageswara","family":"Lalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research &amp; Innovation Center National Energy Technology Laboratory  626 Cochrans Mill Road Pittsburgh PA 15236 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Wuenschell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research &amp; Innovation Center National Energy Technology Laboratory  626 Cochrans Mill Road Pittsburgh PA 15236 USA"},{"name":"NETL Support Contractor Leidos  626 Cochrans Mill Road Pittsburgh PA 15236 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"P. 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