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However, the low permittivity and dielectric strength of the polymer shell remain a challenge that limits the actuator performance. Herein, a Peano\u2010hydraulically amplified self\u2010healing electrostatic actuator is constructed by innovatively integrating a bilayer polymer shell for combined favorable properties of high dielectric strength, dielectric permittivity, and elastic modulus. Compared with a traditional single\u2010layer shell actuator, the new bilayer actuator architecture generates an increased strain (164%) at 5\u2009kV and improves load\u2010bearing capability (620\u2009mN) at 6\u2009kV, thereby providing a significantly enhanced actuation performance. The new actuator is further applied in driving a ratchet system, which converts the reciprocating motion of the actuator into a rotating motion and a flexible output torque, in order to protect the rotating components from impact. The high strain and load characteristics of the bilayer configuration and the easy\u2010to\u2010deform characteristics of the new actuator design make it an attractive approach to fabricate complex geometries and achieve a variety of motion modes in soft systems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202100239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T03:36:08Z","timestamp":1642649768000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Peano\u2010Hydraulically Amplified Self\u2010Healing Electrostatic Actuators Based on a Novel Bilayer Polymer Shell for Enhanced Strain, Load, and Rotary Motion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Ye","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing 100029 China"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing 100029 China"},{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics  Nanjing 210016 China"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mathematics and Physics Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing 100029 China"}]},{"given":"Xianrong","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Bath  Bath BA2 7AY UK"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Centre of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering South China University of Technology  Guangzhou 510640 China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2901-3388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Bath  Bath BA2 7AY UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5880-9131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Bowen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Bath  Bath BA2 7AY UK"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing 100029 China"}]},{"given":"Jingyao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing 100029 China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5436-4211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tony","family":"McNally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM) WMG University of Warwick  Coventry CV4 7AL UK"}]},{"given":"Daming","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing 100029 China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9889-9760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology  Beijing 100029 China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1079-5885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaoying","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing (IINM) WMG University of Warwick  Coventry CV4 7AL UK"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"201908821","volume":"30","author":"Wang X.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. 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