{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:13:59Z","timestamp":1787505239260,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,20]],"date-time":"2022-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21EB029154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21EB029154"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Intelligent Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Colonoscopies allow surgeons to detect common diseases, that is, colorectal cancer, ulcers, and other ailments. However, there is a risk of bleeding in the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract while maneuvering endoscopes. This may be due to perforations, hemorrhaging, polyps, diverticula, or post\u2010biopsy complications. Thus, it is essential for the surgeon to be able to detect bleeding at the site and evaluate the severity of blood leakage. Herein, a soft sensor that can detect the presence of blood at the bleeding site during colonoscopies is presented. The sensor consists of optical waveguides that interface with a microfluidic channel. Blood flow causes absorption and scattering of incident light that can be picked up by the optical sensing apparatus via light transmission through the waveguide. The surgeon can be alerted when bleeding occurs through a graphical user interface. The device is compact and measures only 1\u2009mm thick. This allows the sensor to be circumferentially mounted onto a colonoscope at different locations. The sensor is able to record the presence of blood as an optical loss, rapidly detect the presence of blood under 100\u2009ms as it enters the microchannel, and differentiate between gastric fluid and blood through changes in measured optical loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202100254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,20]],"date-time":"2022-02-20T23:04:04Z","timestamp":1645398244000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Soft Sensor for Bleeding Detection in Colonoscopies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3146-2796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arincheyan","family":"Gerald","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Boston University  Boston MA 02215 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5447-1041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Max","family":"McCandless","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Boston University  Boston MA 02215 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avani","family":"Sheth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University  Boston MA 02215 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Aihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endoscopy Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston MA 02115 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5490-3155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheila","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Boston University  Boston MA 02215 USA"},{"name":"Materials Science &amp; Engineering Division Boston University  Boston MA 02215 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21590"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1414882"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"1323","volume":"76","author":"Langan R. 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