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To elaborate, designed a bidirectional, asynchronous, and parallel pulse\u2010signaling scheme over an analog\u2010weighted phase\u2010change memory (PCM) synapse array to enable spike\u2010timing\u2010dependent plasticity (STDP) as a local weight update rule based on eCD is designed. Building upon the initial version of this work, significantly more experimental details are added, such as the on\u2010chip characterization results of LIF and backward\u2010LIF (BLIF) and stochasticity of our random walk circuitry. The experimental characterization of these on\u2010chip stochastic neuron circuits shows a reasonable symmetricity between LIF and BLIF as well as the necessary stochasticity for spiking RBM operation. Fully hardware\u2010based image classification recorded 93% on\u2010chip training accuracy from 100 handwritten MNIST digit images. In addition, we experimentally demonstrated the generative characteristics of the RBM by reconstructing partial patterns on hardware. As each synapse and neuron execute its computations in an asynchronous and fully parallel fashion, the chip can perform data\u2010intensive machine learning (ML) tasks in a power\u2010efficient manner and take advantage of the sparseness of spiking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202200034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,22]],"date-time":"2022-05-22T22:20:13Z","timestamp":1653258013000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Pattern Training, Inference, and Regeneration Demonstration Using On\u2010Chip Trainable Neuromorphic Chips for Spiking Restricted Boltzmann Machine"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7576-8853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uicheol","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National University  Gwanak-ro 1 Daehag-dong Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0794-7232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM Research-Tokyo  Ch\u016b\u014d-ku Tokyo 103-0015 Japan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5275-5224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsuya","family":"Okazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM Research-Tokyo  Ch\u016b\u014d-ku Tokyo 103-0015 Japan"}]},{"given":"Megumi","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM Research-Tokyo  Ch\u016b\u014d-ku Tokyo 103-0015 Japan"}]},{"given":"Malte J.","family":"Rasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IBM Thomas J. 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