{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:27:26Z","timestamp":1786976846472,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":226,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654992000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1930649"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1930649"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1710922"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1710922"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000928","name":"Welch Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F-1734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F-1734"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000928","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Intelligent Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Self\u2010powered untethered robots that can meander unrestrictedly, squeeze into small spaces, and operate in diverse harsh environments have received immense attention in recent years. As there is not a universal solution that can be applied to power robots with diverse forms, service functions, and a broad size range from nanometers to meters, the design, fabrication, and implementation of power systems with a suitable weight, desired power and operation duration, and adaptiveness to confined spaces and operation conditions represent one of the greatest challenges in robotic research. Herein, an overview of recent progress and challenges in developing the next\u2010generation energy harvesting and storage technologies is provided, including direct energy harvesting, energy storage and conversion, and wireless energy transmission for robots across all scales.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202200045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]],"date-time":"2022-06-12T22:45:23Z","timestamp":1655073923000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Next\u2010Generation Energy Harvesting and Storage Technologies for Robots Across All Scales"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9309-4496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zexi","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin  Austin TX 78712 USA"},{"name":"Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin  Austin TX 78712 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiarui","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin  Austin TX 78712 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuangang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Carbon Materials Centre (A-CMC) School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales  Sydney NSW 2052 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiong","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100083 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Khani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin  Austin TX 78712 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7536-160X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liming","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Carbon Materials Centre (A-CMC) School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales  Sydney NSW 2052 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4724-2483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donglei (Emma)","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin  Austin TX 78712 USA"},{"name":"Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin  Austin TX 78712 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0237-9563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arumugam","family":"Manthiram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute The University of Texas at Austin  Austin TX 78712 USA"},{"name":"Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin  Austin TX 78712 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5530-0380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhong-Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100083 China"},{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology  Atlanta GA 30332-0245 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Understanding Physics","author":"Asimov I.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/468496a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"S. A.Ajwad J.Iqbal presented atInt. Conf. on Engineering and Emerging Technologies 2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"2012","author":"Beasley R. A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Robot."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2018.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.72.121801.161737"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pip.3228"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","first-page":"1802906","volume":"9","author":"Wu C.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2019.07.179"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en11030513"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2018.2835378"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201705867"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aar7650"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/sgre.2015.65012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9EE03046H"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9EE02115A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201801418"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ee22623e"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solmat.2017.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2014.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201207023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2016.03.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201504137"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2018.02.069"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201407688"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1772"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-017-0001-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b503122b"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2009.12.099"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2019.03.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b05293"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1600097"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl302879t"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201502974"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b01569"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1124005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.1c00165"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1700015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b02479"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201806351"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2019.104272"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201504403"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201702817"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0SC05145D"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201806298"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn4050408"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09851-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201801895"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1501478"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201603788"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201404291"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07882-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b06758"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201606408"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b08014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02088-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02088-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaz8693"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aat2516"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202001466"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201801114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1700694"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-020-0064-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13993-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202105110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_2","first-page":"100120","volume":"2","author":"Lin Y.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2020.105171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07882-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13993-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c4ee00242c"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5EE03813H"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4EE03297G"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201807916"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.114069"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.7b01237"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6EE00456C"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2020.104773"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2018.08.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr030203g"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","first-page":"1903241","volume":"10","author":"He J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15355-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201606572"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201702707"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201600846"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2018.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1313-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1700053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1602051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/batt.201800140"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","first-page":"5","author":"Wang M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Robot."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2014.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b04340"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TA03988G"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118980989"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_2","first-page":"651","volume":"321","author":"Miller J. R.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sci. Mag."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-018-0048-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CS00875E"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr020730k"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41918-018-0003-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200903328"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en8010172"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/inf2.12000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en8099452"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","volume-title":"Fuel Cells and Hydrogen: from Fundamentals to Applied Research","author":"Hacker V.","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal3303"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/soro.2016.0071"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","unstructured":"A.Wilhelm B.Surgenor J.Pharoah presented atIEEE Int. Conf. Mechatronics and Automation IEEE Piscataway NJ2005."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4834"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1757-899X\/65\/1\/012003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecs.2005.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/soro.2013.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coche.2014.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esd.2011.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201509982"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2017.09.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cey2.26"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_2","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"Zhuang Z.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1168049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2016.64"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cey2.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1400129"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2015.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201607405"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0038-092X(97)00015-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/2.F03152if"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-85729-221-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_2","volume-title":"Handbook of Hydrogen Storage: New Materials for Future Energy Storage","author":"Hirose K.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2006.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2019.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2013.01.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b200393g"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200703934"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-019-04150-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200462786"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz8881"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2016.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b07454"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9949"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2010.01.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_98_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn506651m"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201900973"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2017.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2020.104595"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201907436"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201701826"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-8984\/25\/46\/463101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.58.030196.003415"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(03)00004-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2774"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(06)00320-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.6.3667"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1093753"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_106_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/365721a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03528"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/371752b0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201500129"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90540-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CS00245A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00146"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_110_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr030071r"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_110_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119044123"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00013a096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/369133a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/43646"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja5041368"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.44.070175.002013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.153.3737.708"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_115_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-009-0024-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511569593"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.21.11307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_116_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602043103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nl900186w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3079655"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5CC00565E"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203833582"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112008005685"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.fl.09.010177.002011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_120_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2003.1340"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_120_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.80.3879"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04090"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1119\/1.10903"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2013.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b04108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja047697z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b414896g"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja405135f"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03602548408068407"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.fl.21.010189.000425"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_126_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201000063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.7b04301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201103565"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b00902"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.105.268302"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b02518"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200801589"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.8b02249"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.101.218304"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906489107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_132_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn101861n"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4569"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1785844"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2891091"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biophys-122311-100544"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-018-0222-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-4018(02)01524-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03831"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_141_1","volume-title":"Electromechanics of Particles","author":"Jones T. B.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1524813113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9661"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19755"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau0981"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07882-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201302544"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.201803457"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b06824"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.9b00249"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-0352(01)00029-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2010.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0807698106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aat4388"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_152_1","first-page":"4","author":"Jeon S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Robot."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5b04221"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_154_1","first-page":"5","author":"Alapan Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Robot."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2626-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_155_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-020-0384-1"}],"container-title":["Advanced Intelligent Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aisy.202200045","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/aisy.202200045","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aisy.202200045","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aisy.202200045","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T16:08:21Z","timestamp":1759853301000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/aisy.202200045"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]]},"references-count":226,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/aisy.202200045"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aisy.202200045","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2640-4567","2640-4567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2640-4567","type":"print"},{"value":"2640-4567","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-02-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2200045"}}