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With heightened concerns for the environment, considerable effort has been made to develop organic transient memristors to realize eco\u2010friendly flexible neural networks. However, in the transient neural networks, achieving flexible memristors with biorealistic synaptic plasticity for energy efficient learning processes is still challenging. Herein, a biodegradable and flexible polymer\u2010based memristor, suitable for the spike\u2010dependent learning process, is demonstrated. An electrochemical metallization phenomenon for the conductive nanofilament growth in a polymer medium of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is analyzed and a PVA\u2010based transient and flexible artificial synapse is developed. The developed device exhibits superior biodegradability and stable mechanical flexibility due to the high water solubility and excellent tensile strength of the PVA film, respectively. In addition, the developed flexible memristor is operated as a reliable synaptic device with optimized synaptic plasticity, which is ideal for artificial neural networks with the spike\u2010dependent operations. The developed device is found to be effectively served as a reliable synaptic component with high energy efficiency in practical neural networks. This novel strategy for developing transient and flexible artificial synapses can be a fundamental platform for realizing eco\u2010friendly wearable intelligent systems. An interactive preprint version of the article can be found here: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22541\/au.166603245.58711630\/v1\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22541\/au.166603245.58711630\/v1<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202200272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,18]],"date-time":"2023-02-18T12:27:30Z","timestamp":1676723250000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Biodegradable and Flexible Polymer\u2010Based Memristor Possessing Optimized Synaptic Plasticity for Eco\u2010Friendly Wearable Neural Networks with High Energy Efficiency"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Sungjun","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics Engineering Kyungpook National University  80 Daehak-ro Buk-gu Daegu 702-701 Republic of Korea"},{"name":"School 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