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Compared to von Neumann architectures having separate storage and processing units, in\u2010memory operation utilizes the same primary structure for data storage and register operations, therefore promising to decrease the energy cost of computing in data centers significantly. While various studies centered on exploring novel device architectures, designing suitable material platforms is extremely challenging. Herein, all four material (M) states of a phase\u2010change material (PCM) in data storage and register operations are utilized and a combined M state\u2010based model framework for developing in\u2010memory operation is demonstrated, along with nonvolatile, reprogrammable single\u2010cell shift register operations. A previously unachieved multiple\u2010level\u2010per\u2010volt different\u2010initial\u2010state multilevel set process with further computing in the M state\u2010based platform is realized. The simplest case of a programmable shift register configuration is demonstrated with a serial\u2010in\u2013serial\u2010out processing strategy, as well as more complex reprogrammable processing schemes using the M state\u2010type platform, showing previously unreported nonvolatile shift register types with multiple processing approaches. This paves the way for development of next\u2010generation low\u2010power\u2010electronic systems using two\u2010terminal\u2010based semiconductor materials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202200353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T23:59:41Z","timestamp":1674172781000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Toward Single\u2010Cell Multiple\u2010Strategy Processing Shift Register Powered by Phase\u2010Change Memory Materials"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Shao-Xiang","family":"Go","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science Mathematics and Technology Singapore University of Technology and Design  Singapore 487372 Singapore"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science Mathematics and Technology Singapore University of Technology and Design  Singapore 487372 Singapore"}]},{"given":"Kejie","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310027 China"}]},{"given":"Tae Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering University of Cambridge  Trumpington Street Cambridge CB2 1PZ UK"},{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering Kyungpook National University  Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea"}]},{"given":"Natasa","family":"Bajalovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science Mathematics and Technology Singapore University of Technology and Design  Singapore 487372 Singapore"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5799-6441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Desmond K.","family":"Loke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science Mathematics and Technology Singapore University of Technology and Design  Singapore 487372 Singapore"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aax1737"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21007-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2896880"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2936124"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco_a_00990"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NA00614B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"A.Ganguly R.Muralidhar V.Singh presented at20th Int. 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