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Generation and control over the ultralow flow fields at microscale are, however, difficult, due to thermal agitation and fluctuations in the surrounding environment. Herein, pa novel microfluidic flow field generator is proposed, capable of generating stable flow field down to the limit of thermal noise. Integrated with a customized MATLAB program controlling timely open\u2013close of 18 monolithic PDMS valves, the flow generator outperforms the existing methods by both achievable low flow rate, that is, 0.01\u2009nL\u2009s<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, temporal resolution of flow rate fluctuation down to 100\u2009ms, and provides complex flow patterns. Moreover, unlike external devices (e.g., the syringe pump), the design can be easily integrated into any fluidic chip and sealed from the disturbance of experimental conditions, for example, the airflow and the movement of connected pipelines. The methodology is, therefore, suitable for biological and biophysical studies requiring a well\u2010defined flowing environment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202200366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,18]],"date-time":"2023-02-18T12:27:47Z","timestamp":1676723267000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ultralow and Dynamic Flow Field Generator Composed of Microfluidic Peristaltic Pump"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Bingchen","family":"Che","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology Northwest University  Xi'an 710069 China"},{"name":"School of Physics Northwest University  Xi'an 710069 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology Northwest University  Xi'an 710069 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ningzhe","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics Northwest University  Xi'an 710069 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology Northwest University  Xi'an 710069 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonggang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Chongqing Medical University  ChongQing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangyin","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics Northwest University  Xi'an 710069 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1284-7279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ce","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Photon-Technology in Western China Energy Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology Northwest University  Xi'an 710069 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1116995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(98)80030-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2008.02.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2594"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aav7959"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2727"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2013.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1610358113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b915147h"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.22366"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4LC00371C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102396"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abb2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/B913221J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4LC00999A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/btpr.2701"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6LC00461J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1076996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2010.03.088"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2003.11.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","unstructured":"J.von Kries Ueber die Beziehungen zwischen Druck und Geschwindigkeit w. b. d. 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