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Herein, the principles of evolution into the metamaterial design and discovery process to directly evolve thousands of metastructures with hitherto\u2010unknown structures and new modalities of operation are embedded. In this so\u2010called evolving metamaterial (EM) concept, evolution takes place by randomly creating an initial population of parent metamaterial entities that pass on their genetic material to their offspring through variation, reproduction, and selection. The metamaterial configurations with desired response emerge during this evolutionary process. The EM concept presents a different approach for direct morphological evolution of metamaterial microstructures using merely a piece of matter. For the biologically inspired evolution of mechanical metamaterials, this piece is chosen to be a representative unit cell to launch the design process. This paradigm shift by creating an evolutionary computational framework for the exploration of a series of proof\u2010of\u2010concept 2D mechanical metamaterial structures with maximum bulk modulus, maximum shear modulus, and minimum Poisson's ratio is studied. The capability of the proposed approach for discovering 3D is examined by exploring a suite of 3D configurations with maximum bulk modulus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202300019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,10]],"date-time":"2023-02-10T01:17:01Z","timestamp":1675991821000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Bio\u2010Inspired Morphological Evolution of Metastructures with New Operation Modalities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Qianyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering New Mexico State University  Las Cruces NM 88003 USA"}]},{"given":"Kaveh","family":"Barri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Systems Engineering Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore MD 21218 USA"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Rutgers University  Piscataway NJ 08854 USA"}]},{"given":"Wenyun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA"}]},{"given":"Jianzhe","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7593-8509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir H.","family":"Alavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering University of Pittsburgh  Pittsburgh 15261 PA USA"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07247"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijengsci.2008.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200901956"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201301986"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pssb.201451733"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4739496"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4838663"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/22\/11\/115013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3551"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.110.248103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","volume":"90","author":"Chen M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys. 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