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To date, effective elimination of biofilms is intractable for conventional antibiotic therapies due to the existence of bacteria\u2010protecting extracellular polymeric substances. For biofilm eradication in tiny tubular structures, magnetic hydrogel micromachines (MHM) are designed that are capable of performing mechanical disruption of biofilms while releasing antibacterial agents in a controllable fashion. Two modes of motion controlled by external magnetic fields, namely planar rotation and wobbling modes, have been investigated to drive the micromachines to interact and destruct biofilms. In addition, the presented micromachines are composed of thermosensitive PNIPAm hydrogel that can load with the antibacterial agent (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and release them upon heating. The Fe<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> nanoparticles embedded in the hydrogel matrix act as catalysts for the Fenton reaction, generating bacteria\u2010killing free radicals. The synergetic biofilm elimination effect has been experimentally demonstrated in well plates and small tubes. The presented MHMs may provide a new design to treat biofilm\u2010related infections in narrow and confined spaces.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202300092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T18:20:22Z","timestamp":1684952422000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Magnetic Hydrogel Micromachines with Active Release of Antibacterial Agent for Biofilm Eradication"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7852-2920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bonan","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5940-9458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}]},{"given":"Zifeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}]},{"given":"Yihang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}]},{"given":"Yanfei","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5820-0089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tony K. 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