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Specifically, physical layer (PHY) security has been put forth as a cost\u2010effective alternative to cryptographic mechanisms that can circumvent the need for explicit key exchange between communication devices. Herein, a space\u2013time\u2010modulated digitally\u2010coded metamaterial (MTM) leaky wave antenna (LWA) is proposed that can enable PHY security by achieving the functionalities of directional modulation (DM) using a machine learning\u2010aided branch\u2010and\u2010bound (B&amp;B) optimized coding sequence. Theoretically, it is first shown that the proposed space\u2013time MTM antenna can achieve DM through both the spatial and spectral manipulation of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal. Simulation results are then provided as proof\u2010of\u2010principle, demonstrating the applicability of the approach for achieving DM in various communication settings. Furthermore, a prototype of the proposed architecture controlled by a field\u2010programmable gate array is realized, which achieves DM via an optimized coding sequence carried out by the learning\u2010aided B&amp;B algorithm corresponding to the states of the MTM LWA's unit cells. Experimental results confirm the theory behind the space\u2013time\u2010modulated MTM LWA in achieving DM, which is observed via both the spectral harmonic patterns and bit error rate measurements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202300341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T23:00:11Z","timestamp":1690930811000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Programming Wireless Security Through Learning\u2010Aided Spatiotemporal Digital Coding Metamaterial Antenna"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Alireza","family":"Nooraiepour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"WINLAB Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rutgers University  NJ 08902 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaghayegh","family":"Vosoughitabar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rutgers University  NJ 08854 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0400-5082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung-Tse Michael","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rutgers University  NJ 08854 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waheed U.","family":"Bajwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WINLAB Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rutgers University  NJ 08902 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narayan B.","family":"Mandayam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WINLAB Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rutgers University  NJ 08902 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.3042188","volume":"23","author":"Xie N.","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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