{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T13:19:35Z","timestamp":1780406375783,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Intelligent Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In wearable robotics, soft actuation principles have been increasingly explored and tested due to their safety and comfort in human\u2013robot interactions. Herein, a braided flat\u2010tube artificial muscle (BFAM) is presented. BFAMs are fabricated by braiding cotton threads together with an inexpensive lay\u2010flat tube (LFT) in a specific conform\u2010to\u2010LFT weaving method. They generate uniaxial contractions when powered by compressed fluids. The basic structure and working mechanism of the proposed BFAM are explained, and a quasistatic model is also developed. A comparison with other fluidic driven soft actuators is made and tabulated. Based on experimental studies, the proposed BFAM can contract close to 30% and yield force outputs more than 150 times their weight at an air pressure of 0.12\u2009MPa. BFAM can be braided with multiple layers of flat tube without large increase of size. Experimental studies have shown that more layers of flat tube give a larger strain and output force up to four layers, beyond which layer increase does not yield visible improvement in strain and output force. Finally, potential applications of BFAM to arm joint actuations are illustrated to show its easy fitting to wearable robotics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202300428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T01:41:58Z","timestamp":1694223718000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Braiding Polythene Lay\u2010Flat Tube into Cotton Threads for Artificial Muscle Actuation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3331-0131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changchun","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senyuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4020-1977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonghua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14543"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-021-00389-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45722-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202300430"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202000128"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201704407"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-3190\/ac3adf"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/wtc.2020.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202008278"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2014.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JOE.2004.833135"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.114.1.493"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/01439919710192563"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/soro.2017.0044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14399776.2001.10781119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01691864.2012.689722"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.Hiramitsu K.Suzumori H.Nabae G.Endo in2019 2nd IEEE Int. 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