{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T17:46:02Z","timestamp":1776102362500,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701129600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Intelligent Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Individuals with a voice disorder or speech sound disorder (SSD) (i.e., aphonic or mute people) can have any combination of difficulties with perception, articulation\/motor production, and phonotactics, which may impact their speech intelligibility and acceptability, thus finding challenging to communicate with the public. As a result, many individuals suffer from frustration, isolation, and depression. Natural verbal communication for SSD patients is now more feasible than ever thanks to advancements in wearable artificial skins and machine learning. This article presents an assistive magnetic skin system for speech reconstruction (AM2S\u2010SR), which enables SSD\u2010afflicted people to communicate with their mouths. Using magnetic field sensors integrated into Magnetphones, the system reads the movement of the mouth by tracking the movement of magnetic skin patches attached next to the bottom lip. The measured magnetic field signals data are then processed using a Fine K\u2010Nearest Neighbor machine learning classifier. The classified data are then exported verbally on speakers, or visually on a display. AM2S\u2010SR successfully identifies the full English alphabets with average success rate of 94.96%, thus enabling SSD people to talk using the mouth and have a more natural conversation with others.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202300452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]],"date-time":"2023-11-28T15:33:57Z","timestamp":1701185637000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Assistive Magnetic Skin System for Speech Reconstruction: An Empowering Technology for Aphonic Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5912-4485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Montserrat","family":"Ramirez-De Angel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sensors Lab Advanced Membranes &amp; Porous Materials Center (AMPMC) Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)  Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullah S.","family":"Almansouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of Jeddah  Jeddah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khaled N.","family":"Salama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sensors Lab Advanced Membranes &amp; Porous Materials Center (AMPMC) Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)  Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Quick Statistics About Voice, Speech, Language","author":"National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"International Expert Panel on Multilingual Children's Speech Multilingual Children With Speech Sound Disorders: Position Paper Research Institute for Professional Practice Learning and Education (RIPPLE) Charles Sturt University Bathurst NSW Australia http:\/\/www.csu.edu.au\/research\/multilingual-speech\/position-paper(accessed: February 2012)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"What is Apraxia of Speech - Common Causes Symptoms and Treatment n.d. https:\/\/www.expressable.com\/services\/apraxia-of-speech#what-is-apraxia(accessed: February 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcv2.12126"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"23","volume":"7","author":"Wong P.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1460-6984.12599"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","volume-title":"Deafness and Hearing Loss","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"M.Wheatley www.edf-feph.org\/blog\/barriers-faced-by-deaf-people-while-accessing-healthcare\/(accessed: November 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"American Sign Language Rhode Island - Commission on the Deaf and Hard of Hearing n.d. www.cdhh.ri.gov.http:\/\/www.cdhh.ri.gov\/information-referral\/american-sign-language.php."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"WFD wfdeaf.org\/fightingfund\/marias-story\/(accessed: March 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"WFD wfdeaf.org\/fightingfund\/hannas-story\/(accessed: March 2023)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"WFD wfdeaf.org\/fightingfund\/janis-story\/. 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