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The fabricated DG FET exhibits notable endurance characteristics, with the subthreshold swing remaining consistently within a 2.45% range of change and \u0394<jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\n<jats:sub>th<\/jats:sub> per cycle maintaining stability at 4.5% over repetitive program and erase operations, up to 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> cycles. Furthermore, a multilevel characteristic is achieved through low\u2010power program\/erase operations based on Fowler\u2013Nordheim (FN) tunneling, which exhibit 0.09 and 0.99\u2009fJ per spike, respectively. These characteristics provide the HNN stability, along with high performance and power efficiency. The NOR\u2010type array in this work demonstrates selective update and bidirectional vector\u2010by\u2010matrix multiplication capabilities. This enables on\u2010chip training based on a gradient descent algorithm, without the need for an additional array for backpropagation. Subsequently, a simulation of the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology classification is conducted to evaluate the accuracy and training power consumption of the proposed device in comparison to other two\u2010terminal memristor devices. The results show that the DG FET array achieves superior accuracy while maintaining over 180.4 times higher energy efficiency, demonstrating the potential of the DG FET as a promising candidate for low\u2010power HNN applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202300490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]],"date-time":"2023-11-05T23:16:28Z","timestamp":1699226188000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Si\u2010Based Dual\u2010Gate Field\u2010Effect Transistor Array for Low\u2010Power On\u2010Chip Trainable Hardware Neural Networks"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8722-2834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyu-Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center Seoul National University  1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7676-8938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongseok","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center Seoul National University  1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5959-1103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In-Seok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center Seoul National University  1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2998-8174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joon","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center Seoul National University  1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7260-9224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiseong","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center Seoul National University  1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1786-7132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong-Ho","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering Kookmin University  77, Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu Seoul 02707 Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5515-2912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woo Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center Seoul National University  1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0857-3183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Yun","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering Kyungpook National University  80 Daehakro, Bukgu Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3559-9802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong-Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center Seoul National University  1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11023-020-09548-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"X.Zhou W.Gong W.Fu F.Du presented atIEEE\/ACIS 16th Int. 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