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However, a comprehensive understanding of the physics behind it is lacking due to the limited development of theoretical models and insufficient experimental data to validate them. This article proposes a new and systematic approach based on electrical impedance measurements to infer the electrostatic forces between two dielectric materials under EA. The proposed approach is applied to tactile displays, where skin and voltage\u2010induced touchscreen impedances are measured and subtracted from the total impedance to obtain the remaining impedance to estimate the electrostatic forces between the finger and the touchscreen. This approach also marks the first instance of experimental estimation of the average air gap thickness between a human finger and a voltage\u2010induced capacitive touchscreen. Moreover, the effect of electrode polarization impedance on EA is investigated. Precise measurements of electrical impedances confirm that electrode polarization impedance exists in parallel with the impedance of the air gap, particularly at low frequencies, giving rise to the commonly observed charge leakage phenomenon in EA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202300618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T23:15:19Z","timestamp":1708125319000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Experimental Estimation of Gap Thickness and Electrostatic Forces Between Contacting Surfaces Under Electroadhesion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2443-8416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Easa","family":"AliAbbasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering Koc University  Istanbul 34450 Turkey"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1632-4352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d8rjan Grottem","family":"Martinsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics University of Oslo  Sem S\u00e6lands vei 24 0371 Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biomedical Engineering Oslo University Hospital  0424 Oslo Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6359-9634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fred\u2010Johan","family":"Pettersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics University of Oslo  Sem S\u00e6lands vei 24 0371 Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biomedical Engineering Oslo University Hospital  0424 Oslo Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2577-2715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James Edward","family":"Colgate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern University  Evanston IL 60208 USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6382-7334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cagatay","family":"Basdogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering Koc University  Istanbul 34450 Turkey"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201707035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202007952"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202200064"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"713","volume":"61","author":"Johnsen A.","year":"1923","journal-title":"J. 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