{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T22:58:58Z","timestamp":1782169138135,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]],"date-time":"2024-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705795200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]],"date-time":"2024-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000006","name":"Office of Naval Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N000142112699"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N000142112699"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000006","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Intelligent Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Biological organisms are extraordinary in their ability to change physical form to perform different functions. Mimicking these capabilities in engineered systems has the potential to create multifunctional robots that adapt form and function on\u2010demand for search and rescue, environmental monitoring, and transportation. Organisms are able to navigate such unstructured environments with the ability to rapidly change shape, move swiftly in multiple locomotion modes, and do this efficiently and reversibly without external power sources, feats which are difficult for robots. Herein, a bio\u2010inspired latch\u2010mediated, spring\u2010actuated (LaMSA) morphing mechanism is harnessed to near\u2010instantaneously and reversibly reconfigure a multifunctional robot to achieve driving and flying configurations. This shape change coupled with a combined propeller\/wheel leverages the same motors and electronics for both flying and driving, providing efficiency of morphing and locomotion for completely untethered operation. The adaptive robotic vehicle can move through confined spaces and rough terrain which are difficult to pass by driving or flying alone, and expands the potential range through power savings in the driving mode. This work provides a powerful scheme for LaMSA in robots, in which controlled, small\u2010scale LaMSA systems can be integrated as individual components to robots of all sizes to enable new functionalities and enhance performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202300694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T01:26:23Z","timestamp":1705886783000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Rapid and Reversible Morphing to Enable Multifunctionality in Robots"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Brittan T.","family":"Wilcox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Soft Materials and Structures Lab Virginia Tech  Blacksburg VA 24061 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Joyce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Soft Materials and Structures Lab Virginia Tech  Blacksburg VA 24061 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7391-5135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael D.","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Soft Materials and Structures Lab Virginia Tech  Blacksburg VA 24061 USA"},{"name":"Macromolecules Innovation Institute Virginia Tech  Blacksburg VA 24061 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711944105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.10.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-3182\/9\/1\/011001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14542"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202201259"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cossms.2020.100894"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume":"10","author":"Nguyen P. H.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Robot. AI"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abm6695"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.Hamaza M.Kovac presented at2020 17th Int. Conf. on Ubiquitous Robots (UR) IEEE pp.153\u2013158.","DOI":"10.1109\/UR49135.2020.9144837"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechmachtheory.2008.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-3182\/6\/4\/046008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.Hu Y.Liang X.Diao inIEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO) IEEE Piscataway NJ2017 pp.270\u2013275.","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBIO.2017.8324429"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2022.3179486"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abj7562"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/drones6110320"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-3190\/10\/1\/016005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05188-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"1","volume":"33","author":"Shah D.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2022.3204234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N.Meiri D.Zarrouk inInt. Conf. on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) IEEE2019 pp.5302\u20135308.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2019.8794260"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","unstructured":"S.Mintchev D.Floreano presented at2nd Int. Symp. on Aerial Robotics IEEE."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ast.2020.105807"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X.Li J.McWilliams M.Li C.Sung C.Jiang inIEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) 2021 IEEE Piscataway NJ2021 pp.7107\u20137113.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA48506.2021.9561434"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2022.3164929"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2022.3193792"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39018-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2018.2885575"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2020.2993757"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abg2171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201602580"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.197889"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao1082"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04606-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2020.0070"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.038588"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2026833118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0604290103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1388-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03185"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-3182\/9\/3\/036004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202110384"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","first-page":"2017","volume":"120","author":"Wang Y.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-3190\/acf824"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.Kovac M.Fuchs A.Guignard J.\u2010C.Zufferey D.Floreano inIEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation IEEE Piscataway NJ2008 pp.373\u2013378.","DOI":"10.1109\/ROBOT.2008.4543236"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2013.11.084"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst11020163"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/16\/4\/048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2009.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/23\/9\/094001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0964-1726\/19\/12\/125014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2016.2582868"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y.Mulgaonkar B.Araki J.\u2010S.Koh L.Guerrero\u2010Bonilla D. M.Aukes A.Makineni M. T.Tolley D.Rus R. J.Wood V.Kumar inIEEE Int. Conf. Robot. Autom. IEEE Piscataway NJ2016 pp.4672\u20134679.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2016.7487667"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.Pitonyak F.Sahin inIEEE Int. Conf. on Systems Man and Cybernetics (SMC) IEEE Piscataway NJ2017 pp.1447\u20131452.","DOI":"10.1109\/SMC.2017.8122817"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abf8136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41315-020-00119-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2023.3279624"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. R.Page P. E. I.Pounds inIEEE\/RSJ Int. Conf. on Intelligent Robots and Systems 2014IEEE Piscataway NJ pp.4834\u20134841.","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2014.6943249"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2014.2337555"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechatronics.2014.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","unstructured":"G.Bledt M. J.Powell B.Katz J.Di Carlo P. M.Wensing S.Kim inIEEE Int. Conf. on Intelligent Robots and Systems IEEE Piscataway NJ2018 pp.2245\u20132252."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02783640122067570"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40648-016-0047-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.Hutter C.Gehring D.Jud A.Lauber C. D.Bellicoso V.Tsounis J.Hwangbo K.Bodie P.Fankhauser M.Bloesch R.Diethelm S.Bachmann A.Melzer M.Hoepflinger inIEEE Int. Conf. onIntelligent Robots and Systems IEEE Piscataway NJ2016 pp.38\u201344.","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2016.7758092"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364914527485"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364913489205"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/3116.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icz145"}],"container-title":["Advanced Intelligent Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aisy.202300694","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aisy.202300694","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T15:38:22Z","timestamp":1759851502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/aisy.202300694"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/aisy.202300694"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aisy.202300694","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2640-4567","2640-4567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2640-4567","type":"print"},{"value":"2640-4567","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2300694"}}