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However, the current 1D hinge deformation\u2010driven transformation of foldable origami with rigid or slightly deformable panels cannot achieve a 3D complex and large curvilinear morphing. Moreover, most active origami structures use thin hinges with soft materials on their creases, thus resulting in a lower load capability. This study proposes a novel origami morphing method demonstrating large free\u2010form surface morphing, such as Euclidean to non\u2010Euclidean surface morphing with shape\u2010locking. Tensorial anisotropic stress in origami panels is embedded during the extrusion\u2010based 3D printing of shape memory polymers. The extrusion\u2010based 3D printing of isotropic SMPs can produce tensorial anisotropic stress in origami panels during fabrication, which can realize significant non\u2010Euclidean surface morphing with multiple deformation modes. 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Non\u2010Euclidean morphing integrated with 4D printing can provide multimodal shape locking at material and structural levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202400246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T02:54:19Z","timestamp":1717988059000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Residual Stress\u2010Driven Non\u2010Euclidean Morphing in Origami Structures"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Zihe","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UM\u2010SJTU Joint Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University  800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibo","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education Tianjin University  Tianjin 300350 China"},{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin University  Tianjin 300350 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinyun","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UM\u2010SJTU Joint Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University  800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UM\u2010SJTU Joint Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University  800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics College of Engineering Peking University  Beijing 100871 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education Tianjin University  Tianjin 300350 China"},{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin University  Tianjin 300350 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6442-2972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaehyung","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UM\u2010SJTU Joint Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University  800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14015-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201906657"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adf3824"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1509465112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37343-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.6b00170"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aay9024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01775"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201000468"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2013.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abe6663"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2nr30664f"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.2017.0016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cagd.2017.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"203","volume":"14","author":"Tachi T.","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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