{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,5]],"date-time":"2026-07-05T05:00:04Z","timestamp":1783227604958,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GRK2430 \u2010 380321452"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRK2430 \u2010 380321452"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007436","name":"Familjen Erling-Perssons Stiftelse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020\u20100054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\u20100054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007436","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009389","name":"Stiftelsen Promobilia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A21024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A21024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009389","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009389","name":"Stiftelsen Promobilia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A22122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A22122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009389","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009389","name":"Stiftelsen Promobilia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A21029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A21029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009389","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Intelligent Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Poly(3,4\u2010ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), an inherently electrically conductive or conjugated polymer (CP), exhibits the potential to play a significant role in the development of innovative fiber materials for use in smart textiles, such as wearables. Furthermore, these fibers can function as artificial muscles in the emerging field of interactive fiber rubber composites. This study introduces a straightforward and efficient method for creating PEDOT\u2010based, biomimetic, fiber\u2010shaped, linearly contracting ionic electroactive polymer actuators. To achieve this, a wet\u2010spinning technique is presented, which enables a continuous production of PEDOT:polystyrene sulfate (PSS) fibers at high production rates of 34\u2009m\u2009h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, an additional fiber washing step and a sulfuric acid posttreatment step to increase the fibers conductivity. The fibers provide a high conductivity of 1028\u2009S\u2009cm<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, maximum tensile strength reaching 182\u2009MPa, and a maximum elongation of 24%. When utilized as CP actuators in an aqueous sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate electrolyte medium, the fibers demonstrate a repeatable maximum isometric contractile force of 1.64\u2009mN and repeatable linear contractile strain up to 0.56%. Furthermore, a high level of cyclic long\u2010term actuation stability can be demonstrated. Notably, these contractile strains are, to the best of knowledge, the highest reported values for pristine PEDOT:PSS fibers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202400315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T23:54:57Z","timestamp":1722383697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Straightforward Approach of Wet\u2010Spinning Poly(3,4\u2010ethylenedioxythiophene):Polystyrene Sulfate Fibers for Use in All Conducting Polymer\u2010Based Textile Actuators"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3548-2727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathis","family":"Bruns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology TUD Dresden University of Technology  01062 Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3347-3686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shayan","family":"Mehraeen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sensor and Actuator Systems Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology (IFM) Link\u00f6ping University  581 83 Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6490-8603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose G.","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sensor and Actuator Systems Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology (IFM) Link\u00f6ping University  581 83 Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1058-4030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Mersch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Measurement Technology Johannes Kepler University Linz  Altenberger Stra\u00dfe 69 4040 Linz Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0423-4093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iris","family":"Kruppke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology TUD Dresden University of Technology  01062 Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2071-7768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edwin W. H.","family":"Jager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sensor and Actuator Systems Department of Physics Chemistry and Biology (IFM) Link\u00f6ping University  581 83 Link\u00f6ping Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chokri","family":"Cherif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Textile Machinery and High Performance Material Technology TUD Dresden University of Technology  01062 Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Tactile Internet. With Human\u2010in\u2010the\u2010Loop","author":"Fitzek F. H.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2011.12.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2021.732132"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12122867"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201808210"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0960-1317\/9\/1\/001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2012.03.097"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201203502"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.200390113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2019.00114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/a807124a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.synthmet.2007.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.synthmet.2009.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c0jm04406g"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3425793"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b10318"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2008.10.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201100785"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TC00917A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.synthmet.2010.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-6779(01)00576-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201104795"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201470088"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.201500017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-016-4538-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c01834"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.200390038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TC02354D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.202100231"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TA00022D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mame.201900749"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2020.105361"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coco.2021.100885"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202115074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep03438"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2jm35148j"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201303905"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201804732"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adem.201300461"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202204344"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b19844"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.9b00425"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12030553"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TC02558E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c00155"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TC03380B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/celc.202300188"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202300460"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1600327"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mser.2018.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.201700397"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.synthmet.2023.117399"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.synthmet.2008.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2009.08.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2006.03.016"}],"container-title":["Advanced Intelligent Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aisy.202400315","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T17:25:12Z","timestamp":1759857912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/aisy.202400315"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/aisy.202400315"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aisy.202400315","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2640-4567","2640-4567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2640-4567","type":"print"},{"value":"2640-4567","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-04-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2400315"}}