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Hodgkin\u2013Huxley (H\u2013H) neurons based on memristors feature great merits of high bio\u2010plausibility and low hardware cost. However, a universal design rule of memristive H\u2013H neurons is still lacking, hindering its development and applications. Herein, a universal H\u2013H neuron circuit structure is proposed and its feasibility based on NbO<jats:sub><jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> memristors is demonstrated. The constructed neuron achieves 23 types of firing behaviors observed in biological neurons, simplifying the communication between neurons. To better understand the correlation between circuit parameters and firing patterns, the firing patterns into three classes according to the switching cycle ratio of two memristors are categorized. The circuit design rules of each category of firing patterns are deeply elucidated and universal regularities for tuning circuit parameters to implement the switch between different firing behaviors are presented. Finally, the potential applications of different firing behaviors in neuromorphic intelligence systems are discussed. This work provides theoretical guidance for engineering memristive H\u2013H neuron circuits, assisting in building high\u2010order neuromorphic systems based on firing patterns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202400383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T00:24:45Z","timestamp":1722817485000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Memristive Hodgkin\u2013Huxley Neurons with Diverse Firing Patterns for High\u2010Order Neuromorphic Computing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices &amp; Integrated Technology Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)  Beijing 100029 China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems Frontier Institute of Chip and System Fudan University  Shanghai 200433 China"},{"name":"The School of Integrated Circuits University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing 100049 China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3828-151X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xumeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems Frontier Institute of Chip and System Fudan University  Shanghai 200433 China"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems Frontier Institute of Chip and System Fudan University  Shanghai 200433 China"}]},{"given":"Lingli","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices &amp; 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