{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:48:27Z","timestamp":1772160507128,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]],"date-time":"2025-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Intelligent Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\nVitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) remains a diagnostic challenge due to its scarce prevalence, and delayed diagnosis usually results in blindness and even fatal outcomes. Herein, an artificial intelligence (AI) system is developed to identify VRL among 16 retinal diseases and conditions on optical coherence tomography (OCT) images with the cross\u2010subject meta\u2010transfer learning (CS\u2010MTL) algorithm. Extensive experiments of few\u2010shot VRL recognition tasks prove the robustness of our model on 1\u2010, 3\u2010, and 5\u2010shot scenarios, achieving an F1 score of 0.8697 to 0.9367. The superiority of the model is shown with a higher F1 score (0.9310) compared with other state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art algorithms (0.5487\u20130.9018) and three doctors whose clinical experiences range between 3 to 10\u2009years without the help of the CS\u2010MTL (0.7773\u20130.8949). AI assistance significantly improves the F1 scores of doctors by 6.16\u201314.46% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Moreover, the F1 scores of AI\u2010assisted senior doctor and retinal specialist (0.9414 and 0.9500), but not the junior doctor (0.8897), exceed that of the CS\u2010MTL (0.9310). This study presents a promising approach for aiding in the diagnosis of VRL on retinal OCT images and may provide a novel insight into the collaboration of doctors with AI techniques, resulting in reducing the risk of diagnostic delays of rare diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202400500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]],"date-time":"2025-01-26T22:00:33Z","timestamp":1737928833000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assistance of Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis of Vitreoretinal Lymphoma on Optical Coherence Tomography"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Aidi","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Shantou International Eye Center Shantou University &amp; the Chinese University of Hong Kong  Shantou 515041 Guangdong China"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering Anhui Medical University  Hefei 230032 Anhui China"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Shantou International Eye Center Shantou University &amp; the Chinese University of Hong Kong  Shantou 515041 Guangdong China"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering Soochow University  Suzhou 215006 Jiangsu China"}]},{"given":"Jizhu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou 510000 Guangdong China"}]},{"given":"Tingkun","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Shantou International Eye Center Shantou University &amp; the Chinese University of Hong Kong  Shantou 515041 Guangdong China"}]},{"given":"Xixuan","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Shantou International Eye Center Shantou University &amp; the Chinese University of Hong Kong  Shantou 515041 Guangdong China"}]},{"given":"Xulong","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Shantou International Eye Center Shantou University &amp; 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