{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T15:22:00Z","timestamp":1768836120422,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101076036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101076036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MUSA ECS 000037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MUSA ECS 000037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EXC\u20102193\/1 \u2013 390951807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC\u20102193\/1 \u2013 390951807"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Intelligent Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Animals and robots employ central pattern generators, networks that invoke rhythmic patterns from constant inputs, to orchestrate limb movements during locomotion. Artificial central pattern generators (CPGs) can be either implemented in software or constructed in a physical domain. The former lacks embodiment, inhibiting direct interactions with the physical world. The latter is restricted by a complex translation of abstract functions to the physical domain, e.g., negative feedback, if\u2010then behavior, etc. Here, self\u2010oscillators, a rudimentary type of central pattern generators, that find ground in both the pneumatic and electrical domains are demonstrated. First, the hysteretic behavior of previously developed conical membranes is analyzed in deformation space. This state\u2010space behavior is then transformed to the electrical domain by means of a stretchable strain sensor. Next, an analog comparator distinguishes between the two states and instructs a pneumatic solenoid valve to counteract the current state. As a result, a stable oscillation emerges, with a frequency that is dominated by the physical characteristic of the pneumatic circuit. As such, the proposed electropneumatic oscillator provides a promising platform for building complex CPGs that control interactive neuromorphic robots.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202400695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T08:40:16Z","timestamp":1738744816000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Electropneumatic Oscillators Using Nonlinear Inflatables"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Elias","family":"De Smet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering KU Leuven  3001 Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Flanders Make  3001 Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Migliorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (CIMaINa) Physics Department University of Milan  20133 Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Milana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microsystems Engineering \u2013 IMTEK University of Freiburg  79110 Freiburg Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT\u2014Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies University of Freiburg  79110 Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Milani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces (CIMaINa) Physics Department University of Milan  20133 Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8275-7610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Gorissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering KU Leuven  3001 Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Flanders Make  3001 Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/85.238389"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28487-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abc5986"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abk2822"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/3585.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0550-42"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"16574","volume":"90","author":"Mead C.","year":"1989","journal-title":"NASA STI\/Recon Tech. Rep. A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.106838"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1138353"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201804598"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aar7986"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aay2627"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abg5812"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2022.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1478-7814\/34\/1\/341"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2021.3118086"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2205922119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.abb1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20698-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202100445"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202301487"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-7949(81)90108-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.3c01614"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmecsci.2018.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/soro.2019.0115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44517-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2254-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JMEMS.2010.2067195"}],"container-title":["Advanced Intelligent Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aisy.202400695","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T22:27:13Z","timestamp":1759876033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/aisy.202400695"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/aisy.202400695"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aisy.202400695","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2640-4567","2640-4567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2640-4567","type":"print"},{"value":"2640-4567","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2400695"}}