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Compared with radiomics and clinical feature\u2010based machine learning methods, whether a graph convolutional neural network (GCNN) based on radiomics and clinical features improve the performance in distinguishing benign and malignant pulmonary nodules is not well studied. We propose an approach based on multimodal GCNNs that integrates patients\u2019 lung computed tomography images with clinical information to differentiate between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules. Leveraging large\u2010scale and multisource data from multiple hospitals (i.e., 6033\/290\/524 patients for three hospitals respectively) enhances the diversity of features. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) are used to evaluate the performance. We achieved the average accuracy\/sensitivity\/specificity\/AUROC of 0.8612\/0.9425\/0.6786\/0.9025 for the main dataset via the novel GCNN proposed, respectively, maintaining the robustness of the deep learning procedures. Especially for the external testing dataset (hospital 2\/hospital 3), the specificity is much higher than comparison methods (0.6250\u20130.6731 vs. 0.2569\u20130.2788). The graph neural network\u2010based deep learning method holds the potential to assist clinicians, aiding in treatment planning, patient management, follow\u2010up strategies, resource optimization, and overall healthcare decision\u2010making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202400874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,11]],"date-time":"2025-05-11T16:58:51Z","timestamp":1746982731000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Classification of Pulmonary Nodules Using Multimodal Feature\u2010Driven Graph Convolutional Networks with Specificity Proficiency"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Renjie","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu 610041 Sichuan China"},{"name":"Institute of Respiratory Health Frontiers Science Center for Disease\u2010related 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