{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T15:35:20Z","timestamp":1773329720723,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Intelligent Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Volume fluctuations in residual limbs can significantly affect the fit of prosthetic sockets, causing discomfort and instability when wearing a limb prosthesis. As a result, users must frequently visit prosthetic centers for socket adjustments or replacements, which is time\u2010consuming and limiting. This study introduces a new transfemoral socket that incorporates a motorized cable\u2010driven mechanism and a sensorized liner, allowing it to adapt to changes in residual limb volume based on interface pressures. Users can control the socket in both open\u2010 and closed\u2010loop modes using a customized mobile application. The socket is able to withstand compressive mechanical loads of up to 900\u2009N and demonstrates effective biomechanical coupling capabilities. A mathematical model guide the design of the system and is experimentally verified. To validate the system, an in\u2009vitro residual limb simulator with a hydraulic chamber is utilized, enabling volume adjustments of \u00b17.5%. In closed\u2010loop mode, the smart socket effectively adjusts its volume to maintain interface pressure within the target range of 70\u201380\u2009kPa. This innovative smart socket has the potential to enhance user satisfaction by allowing individuals with lower limb amputations to self\u2010adjust their sockets as needed, ensuring a proper fit and safe interface pressures on tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202400995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T21:59:43Z","timestamp":1739829583000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Smart Transfemoral Prosthetic Socket with Motorized Cable\u2010Driven System"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6318-4033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Patern\u00f2","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u2019Anna School of Advanced Studies The BioRobotics Institute  Viale Rinaldo Piaggio, 34 56025 Pontedera PI Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Zohaib","family":"Zaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u2019Anna School of Advanced Studies The BioRobotics Institute  Viale Rinaldo Piaggio, 34 56025 Pontedera PI Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Polizzotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u2019Anna School of Advanced Studies The BioRobotics Institute  Viale Rinaldo Piaggio, 34 56025 Pontedera PI Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Dalmiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u2019Anna School of Advanced Studies The BioRobotics Institute  Viale Rinaldo Piaggio, 34 56025 Pontedera PI Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Djoeke","family":"Helsloot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u2019Anna School of Advanced Studies The BioRobotics Institute  Viale Rinaldo Piaggio, 34 56025 Pontedera PI Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sybren","family":"Heikens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u2019Anna School of Advanced Studies The BioRobotics Institute  Viale Rinaldo Piaggio, 34 56025 Pontedera PI Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Gruppioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Italian National Institute for Insurance against Workplace Accidents \u2010 INAIL Centro Protesi  Via Rabuina, 14 40054 Vigorso BO Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Menciassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sant\u2019Anna School of Advanced Studies The BioRobotics Institute  Viale Rinaldo Piaggio, 34 56025 Pontedera PI Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2017.2775100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2006.11.0147"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364620969226"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21020407"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arrct.2020.100059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbot.2020.604376"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000012296"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-022-01097-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2010.09.0189"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91647-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PXR.0000000000000251"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-023-01270-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"Prosthetics and Orthotics Solutions | Adjustable Prosthetic Socket | BOA System | Prosthesis Doctor | Adaptive Athlete | Amputee Information | O&P Solution | Click Medical."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"Varos socket | Ottobock."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"ConnectTF Adjustable Socket for Low Active TF Amputees Ossur.com(accessed: November 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"Quorum Prosthetics."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"Infinite Socket TF | LIM Innovations."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"Above Knee Socket\u2010less SocketTM \u2014 Martin Bionics https:\/\/martinbionics.com\/(accessed: November 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","unstructured":"iFIT Prosthetics \u2010 Home."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s140916754"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24010133"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2020.2992739"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","first-page":"205566832210932","volume":"9","author":"Weathersby E. J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Rehabil. Assistive Technol. Eng."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2019.2931607"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2889998\/v1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-13-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering6040098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21155016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202008278"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2023.1075634"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2024.3360893"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-018-0022-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000460127.47415.6e"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0237841","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237841","volume":"15","author":"Quinlan J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rinma.2024.100549"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2023.103970"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2016.2578679"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2021.3053434"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2015.2495323"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2012.2237393"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s16071119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21155016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.2978431"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/849073"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22145137"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2021.103742"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PXR.0000000000000221"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PXR.0000000000000222"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31981-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(03)00157-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mser.2004.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2016.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0257-8972(98)00580-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMM.766-767.618"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2007.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12693\/APhysPolA.128.497"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2017.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2016.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2005.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-5093(97)00806-X"}],"container-title":["Advanced Intelligent Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aisy.202400995","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T17:45:06Z","timestamp":1763487906000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/aisy.202400995"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/aisy.202400995"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aisy.202400995","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2640-4567","2640-4567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2640-4567","type":"print"},{"value":"2640-4567","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2400995"}}