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However, traditional memristive neural networks (MNNs) are incapable of independently determining high\u2010precision target weight and bias updates without relying on off\u2010chip intelligent machines, rendering the completion of the training process entirely on\u2010chip unattainable. Consequently, the critical challenge of achieving fully on\u2010chip learning remains to be addressed urgently. To address this bottleneck, this study introduces a novel MNN paradigm that facilitates fully on\u2010chip learning. Critically, this neuromorphic system adopts an operational mechanism derived from biological principles\u2014contrastive Hebbian learning. This allows fully on\u2010chip learning using only voltage differences between pre and postsynaptic neurons and basic multiplications. Moreover, the experimental results demonstrate that the MNN achieves an accuracy (ACC) exceeding 98% in a pattern recognition task, and generalization error rates remain below 10% across all categories. This memristive neural system also exhibits ultralow power consumption, averaging 0.321\u2009nJ per input image on a device, while maintaining over 80% accuracy within the conductance perturbations of \u00b11\u2009\u03bcS, which reflects the adaptive restoring capability of these memristive neurons. Generally, this work advances efficient, bioinspired neuromorphic chips toward on\u2010chip learning and broader applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202500071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T01:19:38Z","timestamp":1751419178000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bioinspired Fully On\u2010Chip Learning Implemented on Memristive Neural Networks"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Zhixing","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu 611731 China"},{"name":"Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou) University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Huzhou 313001 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu 611731 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu 611731 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu 611731 China"},{"name":"School of Physics Nankai University  Tianjin 300071 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu 611731 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu 611731 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu 611731 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiangang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu 611731 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu 611731 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1275-0573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fucai","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu 611731 China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices University of Electronic Science and Technology of China  Chengdu 611731 China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003159742"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C.Li D.Belkin Y.Li P.Yan M.Hu N.Ge H.Jiang E.Montgomery P.Lin Z.Wang J. 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