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However, predicting BG trends under long\u2010term prediction horizons is challenging due to the dynamic complexity of glucose changes. In this work, a ProbSparse\u2010Transformer model, which alleviates the long\u2010term error spreading effect seen in traditional autoregressive models, is developed. This model incorporates a trustworthy uncertainty\u2010estimation approach to reduce output variance, further improving predictive accuracy. Additionally, an open\u2010source benchmark is established using four public datasets and five evaluation metrics to comprehensively assess model performance. This model shows significant improvements in both short\u2010term (15\u201330\u2009min) and long\u2010term (45\u201360\u2009min) BG predictions. In the 60\u2009min task, it achieves root mean square error values of 10.86, 15.33, 20.46, and 13.74\u2009mg\u2009dL\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    across four datasets, representing a 20%\u201339.4% improvement over previous methods. Finally, the model on edge devices is compressed and deployed, demonstrating its potential for practical application in real CGM systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202500235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T05:30:37Z","timestamp":1750829437000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Improving Long\u2010Term Glucose Prediction Accuracy with Uncertainty\u2010Estimated ProbSparse\u2010Transformer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Road Hong Kong 999077 Hong\u00a0Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ni","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology The University of Hong Kong  21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology The University of Hong Kong  21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinqiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University  West Zunyi Road Hangzhou Zhejiang Province 310030 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4285-1626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Road Hong Kong 999077 Hong\u00a0Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9727-028X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong  Pokfulam Road Hong Kong 999077 Hong\u00a0Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"10397","volume":"402","author":"Renzaho A. 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