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As connectionist AI has caused a paradigm shift in diverse fields and its applications are being extended to high\u2010stakes domains, its opacity has become a growing concern, giving rise to a rethinking of the need for integrating symbolic logical reasoning with neural networks, i.e., neuro\u2010symbolic computing. However, the very different mathematical nature of logical reasoning and neural networks, i.e., localist and distributed representations, respectively, has impeded their fusion, which has been exacerbated by the lack of suitable hardware. Here, reservoir computing (RC), a typical connectionist model, is experimentally demonstrated to be implemented symbolically within memristor crossbar arrays (MXAs) as a discrete\u2010time 1D rule\u2010based cellular automata (CA). CA\u2010based RC (CARC) within the MXAs achieves up to 86.5% and 100% accuracy in the image recognition task and 20\u2010bit memory task, respectively. Because of hyperdimensionality, CARC requires fewer training samples and is more robust against errors in the emerging MXA hardware. This work expands the functionality of MXAs for AI applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202500241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T09:50:04Z","timestamp":1754646604000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Symbolic Reservoir Computing within Memristive Crossbar Arrays as a Cellular Automata"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Yunpeng","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Instrument Center for Brain Inspired Computing Research Tsinghua University  Beijing 100084 China"}]},{"given":"Chenfei","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Instrument Center for Brain Inspired Computing Research Tsinghua University  Beijing 100084 China"}]},{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Instrument Center for Brain Inspired Computing Research Tsinghua University  Beijing 100084 China"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Instrument Center for Brain Inspired Computing Research Tsinghua University  Beijing 100084 China"},{"name":"School of Integrated Circuits Tsinghua University  Beijing 100084 China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4496-3514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Instrument Center for Brain Inspired Computing Research Tsinghua University  Beijing 100084 China"}]},{"given":"Lidan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence Southwest University  Chongqing 400715 China"}]},{"given":"Shukai","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Artificial Intelligence Southwest University  Chongqing 400715 China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7791-9686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenrui","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Instrument Science and Opto Electronics Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Microsystems Beijing Information Science &amp; Technology University  Beijing 100101 China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1777-7807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huanglong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Instrument Center for Brain Inspired Computing Research Tsinghua University  Beijing 100084 China"},{"name":"Chinese Institute for Brain Research  Beijing 102206 China"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2018.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwac035"},{"journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.15889","year":"2022","author":"Wang W.","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-023-10448-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"Y.LeCun presented at 2020 IEEE Int. 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