{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T09:02:28Z","timestamp":1776934948452,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Intelligent Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Artificial cilia have been recognized as a practical technique for dynamic flow manipulation in microfluidic systems. This study developed a magnetically actuated artificial cilia based microfluidic platform to achieve frequency\u2010dependent microflow switching and particle manipulation. Cilia structures are fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane embedded with magnetic particles and actuated by external oscillating magnetic fields. Regulating the actuation frequency between 30 and 40\u2009Hz established reversible transitions between particle trapping and release states. At 40\u2009Hz, stable trapping zones are created due to amplified shear gradients and vortex structures, while at 30\u2009Hz, reduced circulation allowed controlled particle release. A trapping efficiency exceeding 83.3% is observed, along with a mixing efficiency of 79.8% achieved under 40\u2009Hz actuation, demonstrating effective particle confinement and substantial flow manipulation performance. The employed flow visualization and particle tracking techniques revealed that the flow switching function is primarily enabled by the generation of localized shear gradients and vortex structures. The system illustrated real\u2010time, adaptable control over particle behavior, indicating its potential for microfluidic devices, diagnostics, and soft microrobotic applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202500431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]],"date-time":"2025-07-24T22:58:17Z","timestamp":1753397897000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Microflow Switching using Artificial Cilia for On\u2010Demand Particle Manipulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Prashant Kishor","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering National Cheng Kung University  Tainan 701 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Po\u2010Wei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering National Cheng Kung University  Tainan 701 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dineshkumar","family":"Loganathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering National Cheng Kung University  Tainan 701 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yueh\u2010Hsun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Taipei Medical University  Shuang\u2010Ho Hospital New Taipei City 235 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4112-892X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia\u2010Yuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering National Cheng Kung University  Tainan 701 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosx.2022.100106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3LC00796K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10404-021-02502-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0270298"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12111023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12110956"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4RA05571C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cbe.3c00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/mi13050735"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2023.128068"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-023-01865-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"100548","volume":"5","author":"Tian M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Innovation"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smsc.202500010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14040883"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26195905"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93078-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/mi8090260"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2LC00758D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","first-page":"292","volume":"9","author":"Loganathan D.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Technol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1LC01168E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.103367"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202300483"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10404-015-1668-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36385"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26607-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202300856"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028241"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00283.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics9040198"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","first-page":"2002","volume":"48","author":"Khaderi S. N.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Appl. Mech."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41378-023-00611-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c05403"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202201073"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10404-024-02778-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7LC00556C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202401856"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201100787"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.79.046304"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbsr.2024.100638"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2024.100998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s23125406"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2009.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202404514"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7RA04494A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E22-10-0468-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.11.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/biu180"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2020.102336"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2008.06.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4799787"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2120538119"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.12.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10652-006-0002-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00348-012-1426-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10404-020-2328-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4921427"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c01234"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3lc50407g"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epje\/s10189-023-00369-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.073593"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26128-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00348-016-2197-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-018-2047-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jfm.2024.54"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00317"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/jfm.2016.653"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes11020109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07938-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202401135"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C3LC51454D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00542-017-3428-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/mi10120844"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/mi16050592"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","first-page":"305","volume":"48","author":"Chen C.\u2010Y.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biorheology"}],"container-title":["Advanced Intelligent Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/aisy.202500431","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T17:46:56Z","timestamp":1763488016000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/aisy.202500431"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/aisy.202500431"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/aisy.202500431","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2640-4567","2640-4567"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2640-4567","type":"print"},{"value":"2640-4567","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2500431"}}