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In this article, we frame language within an evolutionary and neuropsychological context and discuss some of the limitations to the current measurements of language. Findings from genomics and the neuroimaging of performance during language tasks are discussed in relation to serious mental illness and within the context of caveats regarding measuring language. Indeed, the data collection and analysis methods employed to assay language have been both aided and constrained by the available technologies, methodologies, and conceptual definitions. Consequently, different fields of language research show inconsistent definitions of language that have become increasingly broad over time. Individually, they have also shown significant improvements in conceptual resolution, as well as in experimental and analytic techniques. More recently, language research has embraced collaborations across disciplines, notably neuroscience, cognitive science, and computational linguistics and has ultimately re\u2010defined classical ideas of language. As we move forward, the new models of language with their remarkably multifaceted constructs force a re\u2010examination of the NIMH RDoC conceptualization of language and thus the neuroscience and genetics underlying this concept. \u00a9 2016 The Authors.<jats:italic>American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics<\/jats:italic>Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,12]],"date-time":"2016-03-12T07:16:13Z","timestamp":1457766973000},"page":"904-919","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["An examination of the language construct in NIMH's research domain criteria: Time for reconceptualization!"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Brita","family":"Elvev\u00e5g","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Troms\u00f8\u2212The Arctic University of Norway Troms\u00f8 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