{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T17:23:08Z","timestamp":1778952188337,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,2]],"date-time":"2005-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11689,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Phys Anthropol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1973,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Crown<\/jats:italic> characteristics have been the parameter most frequently utilized in studies of tooth morphology. Dental <jats:italic>root<\/jats:italic> structures have received relatively little attention. Examination of unusual molar roots in a kindred has enabled us to (1) establish a typology for classifying molar roots, (2) devise a methodology for evaluating the degree of taurodontism and (3) hypothesize about phylogenetic, ontogenetic and genetic aspects of root morphology. The roots of molar teeth were studied radiographically in 20 members of a family of English\u2013German ancestry in which there was no consanguinity. Taurodont, pyramidal (single conical root) and fused molar roots were common. Other ectodermal and mesodermal anomalies (unusual upper lip, glaucoma, syndactyly and clinodactyly) were also present. This unique constellation of dental, cutaneous, ocular and bone abnormalities constitutes a previously undescribed syndrome. Unusual roots may be a genetic marker, and the finding of unusual roots, such as prismatic or wholly pyramidal, should prompt a search for other abnormalites. Dental trait analysis for genetic and microevolutionary studies should include root, as well as crown, characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330380305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,9]],"date-time":"2005-08-09T08:52:49Z","timestamp":1123577569000},"page":"681-694","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Taurodont, pyramidal and fused molar roots associated with other anomalies in a kindred"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"James L.","family":"Ackerman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. Leon","family":"Ackerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. Bernard","family":"Ackerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Descriptive Anatomy of the Human Teeth","author":"Black G. V.","year":"1890"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330340208"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"The Anatomy and Pathology of the Teeth","author":"B\u00f6decker C. F. W.","year":"1894"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"232","article-title":"Contribution to the persistence of taurodontism in modern races and its possible relationship to the pyramidal root of molars","volume":"4","author":"Brabant H.","year":"1961","journal-title":"Bull. Group. Rech. Scient. Stomat."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/200440"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/aa.1971.73.5.02a00160"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Dentition and Palate of the Australian Aboriginal","author":"Campbell T. D.","year":"1925"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","volume-title":"Anatomie des Mundes","author":"Carabelli G.","year":"1842"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"The Origin of Races","author":"Coon C. S.","year":"1962"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"171","article-title":"Concomitant taurodontism and amelogenesis imperfecta in the American Caucasian","volume":"37","author":"Crawford J. L.","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Dent. Child."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Dental Morphology and Evolution","author":"Dahlberg A. A.","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Die \u201cprismatischen\u201d Molaren von Krapina\/Kroatien im Lichte rezenter Funde Deutsch","volume":"16","author":"Fischer H.","year":"1961","journal-title":"Zahnarztl. Z."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","volume-title":"The Natural History of the Human Teeth","author":"Fox J.","year":"1803"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"441","article-title":"Taurodontism in a 15 year old boy and his mother","volume":"35","author":"Gamer S.","year":"1967","journal-title":"Journ. S. Calif. Dent. Assn."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330130206"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","volume-title":"The Face in Genetic Disorders","author":"Goodman R. M.","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"401","article-title":"Ueber prismatische molarwurzeln rezenter und diluvialer menschen","volume":"32","author":"Gorjanovic\u2010Kramberger F.","year":"1908","journal-title":"Anat. Anz."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","volume-title":"Thoma's Oral Pathology","author":"Gorlin R. J.","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"497","article-title":"Neanderthaloid skull presenting features of cleidocranial dysostosis and other peculiarities","volume":"40","author":"Greig D. M.","year":"1933","journal-title":"Edinburgh Med. J."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1951.0034"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","first-page":"223","article-title":"The molars of the tabby mouse, and a test of the \u201csingle active X\u2010chromosome\u201d hypothesis","volume":"15","author":"Gr\u00fcneberg H.","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Embryol. Exp. Morph."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(64)90097-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Atlas of the Pathology of the Teeth","author":"Heider M.","year":"1869"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","volume-title":"Natural History of the Human Teeth","author":"Hunter J.","year":"1778"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-009823-4.50009-4","volume-title":"Dental Anthropology","author":"Kallay J.","year":"1963"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"Problems relating to teeth of the earliest forms of prehistoric man","author":"Keith A.","year":"1913","journal-title":"Proc. Roy. Soc. Odont. Sec."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"A description of teeth of paleolithic man from Jersey","volume":"7","author":"Keith A.","year":"1912","journal-title":"J. of Anat. and Phys."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345670460054201"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Dental Morphology and Evolution","author":"Kovacs I.","year":"1971"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345530320041701"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","first-page":"308","article-title":"Syndrome of dental anomalies, curly hair and sclerotic bones","volume":"7","author":"Lichtenstein J. R.","year":"1971","journal-title":"Birth Def. Orig. Art. Ser."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","first-page":"158","article-title":"Taurodontism. A case report and a survey of the literature","volume":"13","author":"Lysell L.","year":"1962","journal-title":"Odont. Revy."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","first-page":"359","article-title":"Taurodontism in both dentitions","volume":"16","author":"Lysell L.","year":"1965","journal-title":"Report of a case. Odont. Revy."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","first-page":"309","article-title":"Two cases of taurodontism in modern human jaws","volume":"113","author":"Mangion J. J.","year":"1962","journal-title":"Brit. Dent. Journ."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(63)90294-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(58)90236-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(65)90196-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674429499"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","volume-title":"Oral Histology and Embryology","author":"Orban B.","year":"1949"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","first-page":"728","article-title":"Oblique rooted maxillary teeth","author":"Pearsall W. B.","year":"1900","journal-title":"Brit. J. Dent. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"The East Greenland Eskimo Dentition","author":"Pedersen P. O.","year":"1949"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(64)90376-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","volume-title":"The Lower Jaw of Homo Heidelbergensis","author":"Schoetensack O.","year":"1908"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330250120"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","first-page":"476","article-title":"Taurodont teeth in South African races","volume":"62","author":"Shaw J. C. M.","year":"1928","journal-title":"Journ. Anat. (Lond.)"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Recognizable Patterns of Human Malformation","author":"Smith D. W.","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","first-page":"181","article-title":"Aspects of the tabby\u2010crinkled\u2010downless syndrome. I. The development of tabby teeth","volume":"22","author":"Sofaer J. A.","year":"1969","journal-title":"J. Embryol. Exp. Morph."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","first-page":"202","article-title":"Taurodontism associated with other dental abnormalities. D. Pract. and D. Record","volume":"10","author":"Stoy P. J.","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Embryol. Exp. Morph."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","first-page":"355","article-title":"Taurodontism","volume":"72","author":"Tennant R. D.","year":"1966","journal-title":"Dent. Dig."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","volume-title":"A Manual of Dental Anatomy","author":"Tomes C. S.","year":"1876"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"A comparison of teeth of people of Indo\u2010European stock with the Mongoloid racial stock","volume":"70","author":"Tratman E. K.","year":"1950","journal-title":"D. Record"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330340207"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_54_1","unstructured":"Visser J. B.1948(Cited inR. J.GorlinandH. M.Goldman Oral Pathology)Beitrag zur Kenntnis der menschlichen Zahnurzelformen: Medical dissertation Zurich."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_55_1","unstructured":"Weidenreich F.1937The dentition of Sinanthropus Pekinesis. Palaeontology Sinica(Whole Series 101 New Series D\u20101)."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Physical Anthropology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajpa.1330380305","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajpa.1330380305","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T00:54:26Z","timestamp":1699836866000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajpa.1330380305"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1973,5]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1973,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajpa.1330380305"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.1330380305","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9483","1096-8644"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9483","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-8644","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1973,5]]}}}