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To detect HTLV\u2010III antigen in neural tissues from patients with AIDS, immunoperoxidase studies using a goat anti\u2010HTLV\u2010III serum were performed on frozen tissue sections of brain, spinal cord, and nerve from 13 patients with AIDS or HTLV\u2010III\u2013related neurological syndromes. HTLV\u2010III was cultured from neural tissues or CSF in 11 of 13 of these patients. HTLV\u2010III antigen was detected in the brains of 5 patients with AIDS and in none of the 13 non\u2010AIDS control subjects. Rare positively stained cells were seen, frequently associated with capiilaries and often located near microglial nodules. Morphologically, the cells resembled monocyte\/macrophages and were found most frequently in the cortex of the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. These results provide further evidence that the subacute encephalitis of AIDS is associated with central nervous system infection by HTLV\u2010III and that monocyte\/macrophages are among the infected cell populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410200304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T17:34:45Z","timestamp":1104600885000},"page":"289-295","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":289,"title":["Immunohistochemical identification of HTLV\u2010III antigen in brains of patients with AIDS"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Dana H.","family":"Gabuzda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David D.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Suzanne M.","family":"de la Monte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Martin S.","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Teresa 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