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In situ hybridization using an HTLV\u2010I tax RNA probe detected cells containing HTLV\u2010I RNA in spinal cord and cerebellar sections. HTLV\u2010I infected cells were located within the white matter and, in particular, within the anterior and lateral funiculi of the spinal cord. Consistent with previously described HAM\/TSP pathology, there were perivascular infiltrates in these CNS specimens. Significantly, HTLV\u2010I RNA was not localized to these infiltrates but was detected deeper within the neural tissue. Furthermore, phenotypic analysis demonstrated that at least some of the infected cells were astrocytes. While previous polymerase chain reaction studies have demonstrated the presence of proviral HTLV\u2010I in CNS specimens, here we provide evidence for the in situ expression of HTLV\u2010I RNA in the CNS of HAM\/TSP patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410370206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T16:13:02Z","timestamp":1104595982000},"page":"167-175","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Detection of human T\u2010lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV\u2010I) tax RNA in the central nervous system of HTLV\u2010I\u2013associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis patients by in situ hybridization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Tanya J.","family":"Lehky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael 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