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Disease progression was estimated retrospectively with the Mini\u2010Mental State Examination (MMSE) amounting to 4.7, 3.8, and 2.2 points per year (sex\u2010adjusted test for trend: <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01) and with the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) to 0.76, 0.67, and 0.42 units per year (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.03) in \u2010\/\u2010, \u03b54\/\u2010, and \u03b54\/\u03b54 patients. The proportion of patients with fast progression decreased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> \u2264 0.005) and with slow progression increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002) with increasing \u03b54 gene dose. These findings were confirmed in a smaller sample of 28 patients for whom longitudinal assessments of MMSE were available and when nonlinear progression of the disease was accounted for in a stratified analysis. These data suggest that disease duration might be longer in \u03b54 carriers and that this might at least partly account for the cross\u2010sectional association between the \u03b54 allele and LOAD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410370509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,1,1]],"date-time":"2005-01-01T16:17:05Z","timestamp":1104596225000},"page":"596-604","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Gene dose of the \u03b54 allele of apolipoprotein E and disease progression in sporadic late\u2010onset alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Giovanni B.","family":"Frisoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Govoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Geroldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Bianchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Calabresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Franceschini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Trabucchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91704-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92960-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-199408020-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0694-180"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8036486"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.5.1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1994.1019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8346443"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.8.1467"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.271.17.1317b"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410340527"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(94)90026-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91705-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113043"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Facts and research in gerontology","author":"Lopez OL","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1994.00540150069019"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.4.453"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1987.tb01315.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.7.1083"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1990.00530080033007"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(13)80264-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1993.00540060073021"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1994.00540180063015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","first-page":"321","article-title":"Neuropsychological heterogeneity in mild Alzheimer's disease","volume":"4","author":"Binetti G.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Standardizzazione e taratura italiana di test neuropsicologici","volume":"8","author":"Spinnler H.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ital J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","volume-title":"Reattivo delle figure complesse A e B","author":"Rey A.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","volume-title":"Wechsler memory scale. 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