{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T21:27:43Z","timestamp":1762032463375,"version":"3.30.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,25]],"date-time":"2004-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1085443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>As the dimension and number of digital music archives grow, the problem of storing and accessing multimedia data is no longer confined to the database area. Specific approaches for music information retrieval are necessary to establish a connection between textual and content\u2010based metadata. This article addresses such issues with the intent of surveying our perspective on music information retrieval. In particular, we stress the use of symbolic information as a central element in a complex musical environment. Musical themes, harmonies, and styles are automatically extracted from electronic music scores and employed as access keys to data. The database schema is extended to handle audio recordings. A score\/audio matching module provides a temporal relationship between a music performance and the score played. Besides standard free\u2010text search capabilities, three levels of retrieval strategies are employed. Moreover, the introduction of a hierarchy of input modalities assures meeting the needs and matching the expertise of a wide group of users. Singing, playing, and notating melodic excerpts is combined with more advanced musicological queries, such as querying by a sequence of chords. Finally, we present some experimental results and our future research directions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.20056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,26]],"date-time":"2004-05-26T15:12:37Z","timestamp":1085584357000},"page":"1045-1052","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A score\u2010driven approach to music information retrieval"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Goffredo","family":"Haus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Longari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Pollastri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/S1110865703210118"},{"volume-title":"A dictionary of musical themes","year":"1949","author":"Barlow H.","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"Berenzweig A.L. &Ellis D.P.W.(2001 October).Locating singing voice segments within music signals. Paper presented at the IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics 2001 New Paltz NY."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"325","volume-title":"Modern information retrieval","author":"Bertino E.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01969727808927585"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Theoretical and empirical comparisons of approximate string matching algorithms","author":"Chang W.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferrari E. &Haus G.(1999 June).The musical archive information system at Teatro alla Scala. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems (ICMCS '99) (Vol. 1 pp.817\u2013821). Florence Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/MMCS.1999.779306"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"Foote J.(2000 October).ARTHUR: Retrieving orchestral music by long\u2010term structure. Paper presented at the International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval. Plymouth MA."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"Frazzini G. &Haus G.(1998 October).Automatical acquisition of orchestral scores: The \u201cNozze di Figaro\u201d experience. Proceedings of the XII Colloquium on Musical Informatics Gorizia Italy. AIMI with University of Udine."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"Frazzini G. Haus G. &Pollastri E.(1999 August).Cross automatic indexing of score and audio sources: Approaches for music archive applications. Paper presented at the ACM SIGIR '99 Music Information Retrieval Workshop. Berkeley CA."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"Haus G.(1998a).Interactive databases for music archives. A case study: The music archive project at Teatro alla Scala. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Computer Technology Applications for Music Archives IEEE Computer Society Technical Committee on Computer Generated Music. Milan Italy. Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"88","article-title":"Rescuing La Scala's audio archives","volume":"31","author":"Haus G.","year":"1998","journal-title":"IEEE Computer"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"Haus G. &Longari M.(1998 October).Coding music information within a multimedia database by an integrated description environment. Proceedings of the XII Colloquium on Musical Informatics. Gorizia Italy."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"Haus G. &Longari M.(2001 November).Music information description by mark\u2010up languages within DB\u2010Web applications. Paper presented at IEEE\u2010Wedelmusic 2001 Conference Florence Italy."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haus G. &Pollastri E.(2000 November).A multimodal framework for music inputs. Proceedings of ACM Multimedia 2000 (pp.382\u2013384). Los Angeles CA.","DOI":"10.1145\/354384.354539"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","unstructured":"MPEG. (2001).MPEG\u20107 low level descriptors for audio identification(Document M6832) Pisa Italy."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","unstructured":"Newcomb S.R.(1995). Standard Music Description Language (ISO\/IEC DIS 10743). Retrieved June 1 2001 fromftp:\/\/ftp.ornl.gov\/pub\/sgml\/WG8\/SMDL\/10743.ps"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09298219608570710"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","unstructured":"Pollastri E.(1998 October).Melody\u2010retrieval based on pitch tracking and string\u2010matching methods. Proceedings of the XII Colloquium on Musical Informatics. Gorizia Italy. AIMI with University of Udine."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"Pollastri E. &Simoncelli G.(2001 November).Classification of melodies by composer with hidden Markov models. 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