{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:52:27Z","timestamp":1759971147590,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,22]],"date-time":"2007-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1174521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12864,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1972,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper describes three methods used by engineers and scientists to enrich their understanding of a technical subject prior to an interpersonal communication. Professionals may: (a) store the information need in hopes of an accidental or working encounter with the required information (piggybacking), and\/or (b) verify and extend their background by contact with friendly associates (friendly consultation), and\/or (c) review the literature of the field which is peripheral to their own (professional peripheration). Factors which determine the methods used are proposed: the opportunity cost of time, the extent to which similar needs have been encountered before, and the breadth of the user's (problem). Implications for the management of R &amp; D organizations concern the provision of peripheral literature, the development of skills involved in consultation, and the clarification of the organization's technical goals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630230104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,27]],"date-time":"2007-06-27T15:23:49Z","timestamp":1182957829000},"page":"3-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Preparation for interpersonal communication"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Francis W.","family":"Wolek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,22]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Scientific and Technical Communication","year":"1969","author":"National Academy of Sciences","key":"e_1_2_1_2_2"},{"volume-title":"Communication Systems and Resources in the Behavioral Sciences","year":"1967","author":"National Academy of Sciences","key":"e_1_2_1_3_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"277","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Scientific Information","author":"Herner S.","year":"1959"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.21236\/AD0642400","volume-title":"First Interim Report on Project Hindsight","author":"Sherwin C. 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