{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T14:32:59Z","timestamp":1781793179468,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,22]],"date-time":"2007-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1174521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12317,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1973,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A new form of document coupling called co\u2010citation is defined as the frequency with which two documents are cited together. The co\u2010citation frequency of two scientific papers can be determined by comparing lists of citing documents in the <jats:italic>Science Citation Index<\/jats:italic> and counting identical entries. Networks of co\u2010cited papers can be generated for specific scientific specialties, and an example is drawn from the literature of particle physics. Co\u2010citation patterns are found to differ significantly from bibliographic coupling patterns, but to agree generally with patterns of direct citation. Clusters of co\u2010cited papers provide a new way to study the specialty structure of science. They may provide a new approach to indexing and to the creation of SDI profiles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630240406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,27]],"date-time":"2007-06-27T15:46:47Z","timestamp":1182959207000},"page":"265-269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4062,"title":["Co\u2010citation in the scientific literature: A new measure of the relationship between two documents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Henry","family":"Small","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.5090140103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.122.3159.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/321186.321188"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0271(68)90006-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"269","volume-title":"Statistical Association Methods for Mechanized Documentation","author":"Stevens M. E.","year":"1965"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","unstructured":"We can also give a more formal definition of co\u2010citation in terms of set theory notation. If A is the set of papers which cites document a and B is the set which cites b then A\u2229B is the set which cites both a and b. The number of elements in A\u2229B that is n(A\u2229B) is the co\u2010citation frequency. The relative co\u2010citation frequency could be defined as n(A\u2229B) \u00f7 n(A\u222aB)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","unstructured":"Garfield E. \u201cCitation Indexing Historio\u2010Bibliography and the Sociology of Science \u201dProceedings of the Third International Congress of Medical Librarianship Amsterdam 5\u20139 May 1969 (Excerpta Medica1970) pp.187\u2013204."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","unstructured":"Cawkell A. E. Search Strategies using the Science Citation Index inComputer Based Information Retrieval Systems B. Hougton Ed. (London 1968) pp.27\u201344."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRev.175.2195"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0370-2693(68)90255-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0271(71)90008-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","unstructured":"Programs are currently being developed for automatically determining co\u2010citation and using these data as input to a cluster generating program. The results of some preliminary experiments using this system to examine scientific specialties will be reported in a forthcoming paper."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Society for Information Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fasi.4630240406","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/asi.4630240406","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T14:06:51Z","timestamp":1759932411000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/asi.4630240406"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1973,7]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1973,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/asi.4630240406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/asi.4630240406","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8231","1097-4571"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-8231","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4571","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1973,7]]}}}