{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:59:22Z","timestamp":1759971562032,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,22]],"date-time":"2007-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1174521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12194,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1973,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some new text searching retrieval techniques are described which retrieve not documents but sentences from documents and sometimes (on occasions determined by the computer) multi\u2010sentence sequences. Since the goal of the techniques is retrieval of answer\u2010providing documents, \u201canswer\u2010passages\u201d are retrieved. An \u201canswer\u2010passage\u201d is a passage which is either answer\u2010providing or \u201canswer\u2010indicative,\u201d i.e., it permits inferring that the document containing it is answer\u2010provding. In most cases answer\u2010sentences, i.e., single\u2010sentence answer\u2010passages, are retrieved. This has great advantages for screening retrieval output.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Two new automatic procedures for measuring closeness of relation between clue words in a sentence are described. One approximates syntactic closeness by counting the number of intervening \u201csyntactic joints\u201d (roughly speaking, prepositions, conjunctions and punctuation marks) between successive clue words. The other measure uses word proximity in a new way. The two measures perform about equally well.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The computer uses \u201cenclosure\u201d and \u201cconnector words\u201d for determining when a multi\u2010sentence passage should be retrieved. However, no procedure was found in this study for retrieving multi\u2010paragraph answer\u2010passages, which were the only answer\u2010passages occurring in 6% of the papers.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In a test of the techniques they failed to retrieve two answer\u2010providing documents (7% of those to be retrieved) because of one multi\u2010paragraph answer\u2010passage and one complete failure of clue word selection. For the other answer\u2010providing documents they retrieved at all recall levels with greater precision than SMART, which has produced the best previously reported recall\u2010precision results.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The retrieval questions (mostly from real users) and documents used in this study were from the field of information science. The results of the study are surprisingly good for retrieval in such a \u201csoft science,\u201d and it is reasonable to hope that in less \u201csoft\u201d sciences and technologies the techniques described will work even better. On this basis a dissemination and retrieval system of the near future is predicted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630240606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,27]],"date-time":"2007-06-27T16:46:33Z","timestamp":1182962793000},"page":"445-460","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Text searching retrieval of answer\u2010sentences and other answer\u2010passages"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"John","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","unstructured":"Judge Advocate General Law Review 1972 14 1"},{"volume-title":"Evaluation of the Medlars Demand Search Service","year":"1968","author":"Lancaster F.","key":"e_1_2_1_3_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630210606"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630200405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.5090190405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"316","volume-title":"Automatic Information Organization and Retrieval","author":"Salton G.","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","first-page":"281","volume-title":"Machine Indexing","author":"Swanson D.","year":"1962"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Information Storage and Retrieval","author":"Choueka Y.","year":"1971"},{"volume-title":"Some Patterns Observed in the Contextual Specialization of Word Senses, Report TM\u20101393, Santa Monica","year":"1963","author":"Olney J.","key":"e_1_2_1_10_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/464711"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630220405"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Information Storage and Retrieval, Report No. ISR\u201013","author":"Salton G.","year":"1967"},{"volume-title":"Information Storage and Retrieval, Report No. ISR\u201013","year":"1967","author":"Keen E.","key":"e_1_2_1_14_2"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Society for Information Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fasi.4630240606","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/asi.4630240606","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T14:46:57Z","timestamp":1759934817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/asi.4630240606"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1973,11]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1973,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/asi.4630240606"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/asi.4630240606","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8231","1097-4571"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-8231"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-4571"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1973,11]]}}}