{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T01:10:03Z","timestamp":1759972203913,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,22]],"date-time":"2007-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1174521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11037,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Since 1964, as an adjunct to its automated technical information processing services to ERDA and other federal agencies, a generalized language translation system has been used by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to translate Russian scientific text to English. The translation system, first implemented at Georgetown University around 1960, has been rewritten and improved through the years as computer models changed. Although the translations lack high literary quality, the system, by means of its context sensitive dictionary, nevertheless provides inexpensive, fast and highly useful translations of scientific literature.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The method used involves a linguistically\u2010oriented programming language called Simulated Linguistic Computer (SLC), with which a language\u2010specific dictionary can be written for use by the translation system. The dictionary entry for any word can be augmented by procedures which permit its meaning to be modified by its context; more general linguistic procedures operate on the sentence as a whole.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In an evaluation of user reaction, over ninety percent of the respondents rated the machine translation (MT) service \u201cgood\u201d or \u201cacceptable\u201d on translations of their subject specialty. Development, implementation, and documentation of the system are continuing, as we meet increasing requests for service and attempt new applications of the MT system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630280105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,28]],"date-time":"2007-06-28T00:59:41Z","timestamp":1182992381000},"page":"26-33","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Computerized russian translation at ORNL"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Sara R.","family":"Jordan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antony F. R.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fred C.","family":"Hutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,22]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Language and Machines: Computers in Translation and Linguistics","year":"1966","key":"e_1_2_1_2_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"174","volume-title":"Language and Information","author":"Bar\u2010Hillel Y.","year":"1964"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","unstructured":"Bar\u2010Hillel Y.1971. \u201cSome Reflections on the Present Outlook for High Quality Machine Translation.\u201d In: NTIS Reports (2 Vols) AD\u2010737573; AD\u2010737574;73\u201376."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","unstructured":"Dostert B. H.1973. User's Evaluation of Machine Translation. Rome Air Development Center Technical Report RADC\u2010TR\u201073\u2010239."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","unstructured":"Dostert L. E.;Macdonald R. R.1963. General Report 1952\u20101963. Georgetown University Occasional Papers on Machine Translation (30)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","unstructured":"Jordan S. R.;Brown A. F. R.;Hutton F. C.1977. SLC Primer. ORNL Technical Report (in preparation)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","unstructured":"Lehmann W. P.;Stachowitz R.1971. Feasibility Study on Fully Automatic High Quality Translation. NTIS Reports. (2 Vols) AD\u2010737 573; AD\u2010737 574."},{"volume-title":"Machine Translation of Languages","year":"1955","author":"Locke W. N.","key":"e_1_2_1_9_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"291","volume-title":"Automated Language Processing","author":"Pendergraft E. D.","year":"1968"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","unstructured":"Roberts A. H.;Zarechnak M.1974. \u201cMechanical Translation.\u201d In: Sebeok T. A. ed.Current Trends in Linguistics Vol. 12 1974.2825\u20132868."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Society for Information Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fasi.4630280105","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/asi.4630280105","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T19:56:55Z","timestamp":1759953415000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/asi.4630280105"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1977,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1977,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/asi.4630280105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/asi.4630280105","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8231","1097-4571"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-8231"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-4571"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1977,1]]}}}