{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T01:10:41Z","timestamp":1759972241460,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,6]],"date-time":"2007-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1189036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10232,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based on the definition of information acquisition as the reduction in uncertainty, the concept of ignorance is defined as the state of uncertainty. Two basic types of ignorance are then defined as substitutes for information: guessing and belief. Two types of frequency distribution are presented as the most general dichotomy that can be applied to all possible types of frequency distribution and from them two limits are deduced between which all types of frequency distribution can be placed. Using games of chance\u2014roulette and horse racing\u2014as representatives of two basic types of frequency distribution, the comparison is presented of different results that can be theoretically obtained by the informed, the guessing, and the belief approaches. The value of information is a function of the type of frequency distribution of data that form its contents. The limits established for the types of frequency distribution are also boundary conditions for information value from nil to some finite number that depends also on the number of alternatives involved in case of a discrete set, and on range size, accuracy of measurement, and its precision in case of continuous parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630300511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,7]],"date-time":"2010-07-07T12:04:31Z","timestamp":1278504271000},"page":"310-315","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["On the Value of Information"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Stanley","family":"Ozog","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Design of experiments","author":"Fisher R. A.","year":"1937"},{"volume-title":"Probability statistics, and truth","year":"1957","author":"von Mises R.","key":"e_1_2_1_3_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","unstructured":"Keynes J. M. A Treatise on Probability. London;1921."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","unstructured":"Pascal B. \u201cThought.\u201dPensees.233;1976."},{"volume-title":"The will to belief","year":"1978","author":"James W.","key":"e_1_2_1_6_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"R\u2010353","volume-title":"On the epistemology of the in exact sciences","author":"Helmer O","year":"1960"},{"volume-title":"An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts","year":"1962","author":"Dalkey N.","key":"e_1_2_1_7_3"},{"volume-title":"Systematic use of expert opinions","year":"1967","author":"Helmer O.","key":"e_1_2_1_7_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_5","first-page":"RM\u20105888\u2010PR","volume-title":"The Delphi method: an experimental study of group opinion","author":"Dalkey N. C.","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_6","first-page":"RM\u20105957PR","volume-title":"The Delphi method, II: structure of experiments","author":"Brown B.","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_7","first-page":"RM\u20106115\u2010PR","volume-title":"The Delphi method, III. Use of self\u2010rating to improve group estimates","author":"Dalkey N.","year":"1969"},{"volume-title":"Effect of percentile feedback and feed\u2010in of relevant facts","year":"1970","author":"Dalkey N.","key":"e_1_2_1_7_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_9","unstructured":"Bernstein C. B.\u201cA fifteen\u2010year forecast of information\u2010processing technology.\u201d Find Report. Washington DC: Naval Supply Systems Command; 20 January1969."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","unstructured":"Moxley R. A. Information and the reduction of disorder. ETC: A Review of general semantics. September1971: Vol. 28 NO. 3 pp.302\u2013309."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","unstructured":"Yovits M. C;Abilock J. G. \u201cA semiotic framework for information science leading to the development of a quantitative measure of information.\u201d Ohio State University Columbus OH: Computer and Information Science Research Center; October1974. Paper presented at 37th annual meeting of ASIS Atlanta GA."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/inte.6.4.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","unstructured":"King T. E. \u201cA trichotomized information structure as a framework for evaluating information alternatives.\u201dAmerican Institute for Decision Sciences Proceedings. No. 6:229;1974."},{"volume-title":"Where are we in the theory of information?","author":"Hirshleifer J.","key":"e_1_2_1_12_2"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_12_3","first-page":"31","volume":"63","year":"1973","journal-title":"American Economic Review (USA)."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Society for Information Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fasi.4630300511","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/asi.4630300511","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T20:22:02Z","timestamp":1759954922000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/asi.4630300511"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1979,9]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1979,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/asi.4630300511"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/asi.4630300511","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8231","1097-4571"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-8231"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-4571"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1979,9]]}}}