{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T01:05:54Z","timestamp":1759971954853,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,22]],"date-time":"2007-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1174521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9576,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The relational model has received increasing attention during the past decade. Its advantages include simplicity, consistency, and a sound theoretical basis. In this article, the naturalness of viewing information retrieval relationally is demonstrated. The relational model is presented, and the relational organization of a bibliographical database is shown. The notion of normalization is introduced and first, second, third, and fourth normal forms are demonstrated. Relational languages are discussed, including the relational calculus, relational algebra, and SEQUEL. Numerous examples pertinent to information retrieval are presented in these relational languages. Advantages of the relational approach to information retrieval are noted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630320107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,28]],"date-time":"2007-06-28T09:38:37Z","timestamp":1183023517000},"page":"51-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The relational model in information retrieval"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Robert G.","family":"Crawford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026673"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/eb026630"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","unstructured":"Crawford R. G;Macleod I. A.\u201cA relational approach to Modular Information Retrieval Systems Design.\u201dProceedings of the 41st Conference of the American Society for Information Science. November1978;15:83\u201385."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","unstructured":"Crawford R. G;Coughin L. A;Mayes L. W.\u201cMISTRAL\/11 Users' Manual.\u201dTechnical Report 78\u201369. Kingston Canada: Queen's University Computing and Information Science;1978."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/356662.356665"},{"volume-title":"Data Base Management Systems","year":"1979","author":"Cardenas Alfonso F.","key":"e_1_2_1_7_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","unstructured":"Codd E. F.\u201cRecent Investigations in Relational Data Base Systems.\u201dProceedings of the 1974 IFIP Congress Amsterdam Holland: North\u2010Holland; August1974."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/320557.320571"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","unstructured":"Schmidt J. W.\u201cOn the Inplementation of Relations: A Key to Efficiency.\u201dTechnical Report CSRG\u201089. Toronto Canada: University of Toronto; January1978."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/362384.362685"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Codd E. F.\u201cA Data Base Sublanguage Founded on the Relational Calculus.\u201dProceedings of the 1971 ACM\u2010SIGFIDET Workshop on Data Description Access and Control. New York: Association for Computing Machinery; November1971:35\u201368.","DOI":"10.1145\/1734714.1734718"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Held G. D;Stonebraker M.;Wary E.\u201cINGRES\u2010A Relational Data Base Management System.\u201dProceedings of the AFIPS National Computer Conference. Montvale NJ: AFIPS Press;1975:44:409\u2013416.","DOI":"10.1145\/1499949.1500029"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"5","article-title":"Extending the Data Base Relational Model to Capture More Meaning","volume":"1","author":"Codd E. F.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Australian Computer Science Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chamberlin D. D;Boyce R. F.\u201cSEQUEL: A Structured English Query Language.\u201dProceedings of the ACM\u2010SIGMOD Workshop on Data Description Access and Control. New York: Association of Computing Machinery; May1974:249\u2013264.","DOI":"10.1145\/800296.811515"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630300502"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zloof M. M.\u201cQuery by Example.\u201dProceedings of the AFIPS National Computer Conference. 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