{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T01:05:09Z","timestamp":1759971909339,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,22]],"date-time":"2007-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1174521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9517,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article describes the nature of modern general\u2010purpose computer systems. First it describes their hardware. The state of the semiconductor electronics art is discussed, with emphasis on the trend to microprocessors and large\u2010scale memory chips. Then the various computer architectures in use are presented, showing the influence of electronic component evolution on the trend from processor\u2010centered designs through storage\u2010centered and multiprocessor designs to bus\u2010oriented ones. After a brief discussion of input\u2010output technology the article turns to system control programs, in many ways the most important aspect of computer systems as perceived by the user. Brief definitions and functional descriptions are provided of operating systems, program writing aids, database management systems, communications control programs, and utility programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630320209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,28]],"date-time":"2007-06-28T09:40:18Z","timestamp":1183023618000},"page":"124-130","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Computer technology: State of the art"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Frederic G.","family":"Withington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2034.001.0001","volume-title":"The Computer Age: A Twenty\u2010Year View","author":"Dertouzos Michael L","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"661","volume-title":"Computer Storage Systems & Technology","author":"Matick Richard.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"571","volume-title":"Data Processing Technology and Economics","author":"Phister Montgomery.","year":"1976"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","first-page":"75","volume-title":"Commercial Multiprocessing Systems","author":"Satyanarayanan M.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","first-page":"257","volume-title":"Computers in the 1980s","author":"Turn Rein.","year":"1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"324","volume-title":"The Environment for Systems Programs","author":"Withington Frederic G.","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","first-page":"595","volume-title":"Design of On\u2010Line Computer Systems","author":"Yourdon Edward.","year":"1972"}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Society for Information Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fasi.4630320209","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/asi.4630320209","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T17:40:49Z","timestamp":1759945249000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/asi.4630320209"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1981,3]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1981,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/asi.4630320209"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/asi.4630320209","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8231","1097-4571"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-8231"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-4571"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1981,3]]}}}