{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T01:03:38Z","timestamp":1759971818937,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,22]],"date-time":"2007-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1174521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8421,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this article is to examine the ramifications of legislative recognition of the concept of fair use in the Copyright Act of 1976. The fair use concept, while of small consequence in its normative origins, has turned out to be the foundation of the most perplexing and divisive issues in the new legislative guidelines governing copyright. Legislative recognition of the concept of fair use, coupled with enormous growth of a new technology\u2014extending from xerography to on\u2010line database systems\u2014creates de facto exemptions to both the intent and content of new copyright guidelines. The issue is not one of limiting use or suppressing information, but of mechanisms for safeguarding the rights of copyright holders, be they authors or publishers, and insuring the free flow of information by providing a proper return on both intellectual creativity and capital expenditures. The authors argue that the elimination, or at least curtailment of fair use doctrine, coupled with an increase in technological approaches to reporting of secondary use of copyrighted material, will benefit all sections of the knowledge industry. Authors will receive proper royalties on use; publishers will be able to sell more books and journals at lower prices; and librarians will be liberated from extensive chores such as monitoring usage or determining fee schedules and transferences. The issue is one of fair return\u2014an issue obscured and ultimately subverted by fair use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.4630350202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,28]],"date-time":"2007-06-28T16:04:20Z","timestamp":1183046660000},"page":"67-74","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fair use versus fair return: Copyright legislation and its consequences"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Irving Louis","family":"Horowitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","unstructured":"Gibbon R.Curtis Publishing Company. Comments and Views Submitted to the Copyright Office on Fair Use of Copyrighted Works October 24 1958 Studies prepared for the Subcommittee on Patents Trademarks and Copyrights of the Committee on the Judiciary U. S. Senate Eighty\u2010Sixth Congress Second Session. Washington DC: U. S. Government Printing Office 1960."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","unstructured":"Wittman A.Statement before the New York Hearings of the Library of Congress Register of Copyrights.Library Reproduction of Copyrighted Works(17 U. S. C. 108). Appendix VI (delivered January 28 1981). Released asReport of the Register of Copyrights January 1981 pp.95\u2013106."},{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"16","article-title":"Copyright suit: What effect on professors","author":"Palmer S. E.","year":"1983","journal-title":"The Chronicle of Higher Education."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","unstructured":"Wedgeworth R.Executive Director American Library Association. Public Hearing on the Report of the Register of Copyrights on the Effect of 17 U. S. C. 108 on the Rights of Creators and the Needs of Users of Works Reproduced by Certain Libraries and Archives. January 28 1981 New York New York.Report of the Register of Copyrights.Appendix VI Part 1 p.61."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","unstructured":"Howard J. G.\u201cElectronic journals: Potential dangers\u201d (letter).The Chronicle of Higher Education.July 27 1983."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","unstructured":"Marshall N. H.\u201cComments of the American Library Association on the Report of the Register of Copyrights to Congress: Library Reproduction of Copyrighted Works (17 U. S. C. 108).\u201d Released by the Washington DC office of the American Library Association. June1983."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/harvard.9780674433120"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","unstructured":"Testimony of the Information IndustryAssociation before the Copyright Office January 29 1981.Report of the Register of Copyrights Appendix VI Part 2 p.4."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"278","article-title":"Developments in micrographics, 'fair use', and video technology","volume":"27","author":"Nadeski K.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Library Resources and Technical Services."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/299491a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","unstructured":"See Summaries of Commission\u2010Sponsored Studies An Analysis of Computer and Photocopying Issues from the Point of View of the General Public and the Ultimate Consumer Public Interest Economics Center Final Report of theNational Commission on New Technological Uses of Copyrighted Works.July 31 1978. Washington DC: Library of Congress 1979 p.129."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","unstructured":"Marshall N. H.\u201cComments of the American Library Association on the Report of the Register of Copyrights to Congress: Library Reproduction of Copyrighted Works (17 U. S. C. 108).\u201d Released by the Washington DC office of the American library Association. June1983 p.9."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"198","volume-title":"Fair Use and Free Inquiry: Copyright Law and the New Media","author":"Bloom H. S.","year":"1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","unstructured":"Karp I. (Ed.) \u201cAuthors league symposium on copyright\u2010protection of non\u2010fiction works and literary\/dramatic characters.\u201dJournal of Copyright Bulletin.(August):611\u2013616;1982."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","first-page":"211","article-title":"The impact of technology on scholarly publishing","volume":"13","author":"Horowitz I. L.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Scholarly Publishing."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_1_16_3","first-page":"67","article-title":"New technology, scientific information, and democratic choices","volume":"5","author":"Horowitz I. L.","journal-title":"Information Age."}],"container-title":["Journal of the American Society for Information Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fasi.4630350202","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/asi.4630350202","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T17:25:28Z","timestamp":1759944328000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/asi.4630350202"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,3]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/asi.4630350202"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/asi.4630350202","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-8231","1097-4571"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-8231"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1097-4571"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,3]]}}}